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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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revolution
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an overthrow of the government and social system of a country, usually by force
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guillotine
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an instrument for beheading by means of a heavy blade
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philosophes
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educated people who had theories about society and government
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cash crop
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a crop that is grown for export, not to feed the population
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tithe
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one tenth of one's annual income or produce from land (for the church)
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inflation
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a situation in which the price of goods rises quickly
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monopoly
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the exclusive right to sell a product to a group of people
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tariff
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a tax
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infrastructure
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the roads,canals, and other means of communication and travel within a community
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deficit
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the money the government is short on every year after it pays its bills
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portfolio
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the area of responsibility of a government official
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catalyst
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something that helps other things change
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salon
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a meet ing of intellectuals to discuss exciting ideas
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bigotry
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prejudice
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censored
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something one is forbidden to see, hear or read
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romantic
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someone who had an unrealistic view of life and expects "story book endings"
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skeptic
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one who questions or raises doubts
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republican government
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a government in which all power rests with the citizens who vote to elect their leaders
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Estates General
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a kind of parliament that meets only as the result of a royal command
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mercenary
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a paid soldier
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constitution
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a document that sets out the major laws and principles of a government
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radical
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someone who wants major change quickly
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speculator
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a person who deals in a product and hopes to take advantage of a sudden rise of fall in prices
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allegiance
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a formal declaration of loyalty
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First Estate
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Clergy - run the schools collected tithes, owned huge amounts of land
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2nd Estate
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Nobles - less than 2% population, only ones allowed to hold high office, don't pay taxes, not all nobles rich, in harrd times poor country nobles revive long forgotten feudal taxes
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3rd Estate
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around 98% population, includes peasants, labourers, middle class, had to work for free sometimes
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why did the revolution start?
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famines, unemployment is high, price of bread is high, peasants worked very hard for little amount of money, children were abandoned, money spent by the king came from taxing and exploiting the poor
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Great Fear?
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peasants believed that the king's soldiers and aristocrats would stop the revolution
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Declaration of the rights of man?
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this document sents out basic human rights that government may not overlook
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Tennis Court Oath Pledge
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that they would continue meeting until France had a new government
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What did the National Assembly do in 1789?
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they abolished all feudal rights and privileges and ended serfdum, they also declared all people equal before the law
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Sans-Culottes
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mostly poor people from Paris-resented bourgeoisie and were agains reforms that would help the business class. They wanted national government to lower prices and supply bread to poor. Attacked anyone againts the revolution - supported radicals
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Jacobins?
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Radical - leaders of the radicals- Jean-Paul Marat, Jacques Danton, Maximilien Robespierre
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Sans-Culottes Leader?
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Jean-Paul Marat
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Girondists?
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moderate - leader-Madame Roland
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