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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
John Cabot
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-an English man
-sails to find the Northwest passage and instead finds New Found Land |
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Jacques Cartier
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-A Frenchman
-Was sent to find the Northwest passage, but over his 3 sails only discovers New France |
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Cartier Voyage 1
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- Meets Iroquios (wanting to trade)
- For evidence of the land, kidnaps Donnacona's 2 sons |
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Cartier Voyage 2
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- Returns to New France w/ boys who take him to their settlement (Stadacona)
- Travels to Montreal and never finds the NW passage - Loses more than half of his crew, and goes to Stadacona for the winter |
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Cartier Voyage 3
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(After kidnapping Donnacona and his sons, and they die when taken back to New France.)
- His final voyage. - As a guide for Sieur de Roberval. - Leaves Sieur de Roberval and finds fools gold up the St. Lawrence River - Mistakes it for valuables to fund his exploration. - Couldn't make a settlement and then therefore had no permission to return. |
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Sieur de Roberval
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- Cartier was his guide.
- Was given the task of establishing a colony. - Fails and was left behind by Cartier. |
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Samuel de Champlain
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- AKA. 'The Father of Canada'
- Cartographer - Sails to New France. - Builds Fort Royal in Acadia (it becomes the 1st French settlement in the 'New World.' - In 1608, establishes a habitation in (present-day) Quebec City. - Well defended and located. - Created alliances with nearby native clans. {Algonquin, Montagnais and Huron} - Arranged a fur trade with them. |
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John Cabot
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Englishmen. Sails to find the NW passage and finds New Found Land.
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Jacques Cartier
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Frenchmen. Sent to find the NW passage, but over his 3 sails finds New France.
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Cartier Voyage 1
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- Meets Iroquois (wanting to trade)
- For evidence of land, kidnaps Donnacona's 2 sons. |
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Cartier Voyage 2
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- Returns to New France with boys, who take him to their settlement (Stadacona.)
- Travels to Montreal and never finds the NW passage. - Goes to Stadacona for winter, as he lost most of his crew to scurvy and harsh weather. |
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Cartier Voyage 3
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(He kidnapped Donnacona and his sons, and they died in France.)
- His final voyage. - As a guide for Sieur de Roberval. - Leaves Sieur de Roberval and finds fools gold up the SLR. - Mistakes it for valuables to fund his exploration. - Couldn't establish a settlement, and had no permission to return. |
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Sieur de Roberval
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- Cartier was his guide.
- Given the task of establishing a colony. - Fails, and was left behind by Cartier. |
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Samuel de Champlain
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- AKA. Father of Canada.
- Cartographer. - Sails to New France on behalf of the French. - Built Port Royal fort in Acadia. - Becomes the 1st French settlement in the 'new world.' - In 1608, he establishes a habitation in (present-day) Quebec City. - Well defended and located. - created alliances with nearby native clans (Algonquin, Montagnais, and Huron) - Arranged the fur trade with them. |
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Champlain's Success
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Why?
- More in-land. - Less exposure to harsh elements. - Less arctic winds. |
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Coureurs de Bois
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- 'Runners of the Woods'
- Nomadic. - Purpose: to make sure there was a constant supply of furs for the French. |
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Huronia
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- The land of the Huron tribe.
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Sovereign Council
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- 3 Officials.
- Governor (Frontenac) - Bishop (Laval) - Intendant (Talon) - Were appointed by the king. - Government body that would carry out the king's orders. - There were: 3 officials and 5 council members (who were elected) |
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Governor Frontenac
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- Saw New France as an opportunity to gain power and prestige.
- Made a trading deal with the Iroquois. - Called back to France in 1682. |
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Intendant Jean Talon
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- Arrived in New France in 1665 on behalf of the French king.
- Brings in the 'Filles du Roi' - Focused on creating colonial industry. - Wanted the colony to be self sufficient. - When called to France in 1672, everything collapses. |
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Bishop Laval
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- Saw New France as a Christian outpost.
- Single largest land owner in colony. - Represented Church and created schools. - Advocated tradition and family life. - Imposed taxations. - Did not approve of the Coureurs du Bois. |
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Rule of Law Observed in New France
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Custom of Paris.
*Same system used in Paris* |
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Sovereign Council
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In charge of dealing with any serious infractions of the law.
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Seigneurial System
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In New France:
- Seigneurs: landowners given land by the King of France. - Wealthy and important citizens of France. - Often made up the council assisting the Sovereign Council. - Seigneurs divided up land, managed by peasant farmers 'habitants.' - Lives, works and paid taxes on land. - In return, they would get protection. - It remained intact for 200 years, but wasn't successful in New France. |
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Mercantilism
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- Economic theory of the 16th to 18th century
- Wealth is achieved by having gold and silver, etc. - Successful country is one that exports more than it imports. - Government: encourages exports and discourages imports. - Volume of trade is 'unchangeable' - Encourages European wars, fueled European imperialism. |
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Middle Ground
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- Mixing of both cultures.
- Europeans marry Native women BUT have Native ceremonies. - French Gain: furs, land, and native alliances. - Natives Gain: manufactured goods, improved quality of life, and mimicked European institutions |
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3 Types of Middle Ground
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1. French
- Greatest mixing and the Natives saw the French as the father figure. 2. British (Post 7 years war) - Weak due to troubles with the British economy. 3. Post American Revolution - Middle Ground dies. - No need for the assistance of the Natives - No other European enemy |