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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the National Dream?
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Transcontinental railway that connects the country from sea to sea
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What is the Pacific Scandal?
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Macdonald accepted political bribery in return for financial support in the 1872 election
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Who funds Macdonald in the 1872 election?
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Sir Hugh Allan - a shipping and manufacturing industrialist
Jay Cooke - wealthy American industrialist who owns the Northern Pacific Railway |
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What was the deal Macdonald made in the Pacific Scandal?
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Macdonald would grant both Allan and Cooke a railway contract in return for financial support in the election
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What happened as a result of the Pacific Scandal?
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- Macdonald's government resigns in 1873
- Mackenzie is voted into power |
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What political parties did Macdonald and Mackenzie belong to?
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Macdonald - Conservative
Mackenzie - Liberal |
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What happened to the National Dream when Mackenzie came into power?
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- He discontinued the construction of the railway due to the economic depression they were in
- this angered BC who threatened to discontinue Confederation |
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What happened in the 1876 election?
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- Macdonald runs for office again on a National Policy to build the CPR
- Conservatives are voted back with a majority - Macdonald instilled policies to develop their economies from within (commonly done in other countries) |
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What is the National Policy?
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1) Transcontinental Railway
2) Protective Tariffs 3) Western Settlement |
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Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the Transcontinental Railway
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- connected the country
- beneficial for transportation - costly to fund |
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Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the Protective Tariffs
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Protective tariff is a tax on imported goods
- boosts Canadian economy - goods are more expensive for Canadian buyers |
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Describe the advantages and the disadvantages of Western Settlement
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- cheap land is well suited for agriculture
- protection from Americans - cause of Indian Act and treaties forcing the Natives onto reserves |
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Who were the three people associated with the CPR Syndicate?
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Private investors that included:
1) George Stephen 2) Donald Smith 3) James J. Hill |
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What did the CPR Syndicate grant?
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$25 million along with 25 million acres of land if the railway was finished in ten years
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What was the CPR Syndicate known for?
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receiving a monopoly on all rail traffic west of Lake Superior for the next 20 years
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What happened after the CPR Syndicate contract had been approved?
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James Hill changed the path of the railway to the Southern prairies so that they would have control over new towns and railway stations
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What was the effect of the changed CPR route?
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- data the Canadian Pacific Railway had collected was irrelevant
- unclear how they would pass through the Rocky Mountains to get to BC |
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What happened in 1881 when James Hill realized that they would never be finished the CPR at the rate they were going at?
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- looked for a new general manager
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Who and why did James Hill hire as a general manager?
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- hired William Van Horne because he was intelligent and dedicated
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What did Van Horne do as soon as he assumed position as general manager?
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- he injected a high level of efficiency so that the railway would be finished before the contracted time
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What was the biggest problem Van Horne faced during railway constructed?
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- funds were limited
- money ran out as track across the prairies had been laid - when workers were not satisfied they went on a strike causing the government to give them 22.5 million dollars |
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What were living conditions like for workers who worked on the CPR?
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- there was dust from dynamite blasts
- insects - overcrowding - filth in the bunkhouses - leaky roofs - no plumbing - poor diet - no medical facilities - no compensation |
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Where did the CPR main line cross the Rocky Mountains?
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at Kicking Horse Pass
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Who built which part of the CPR?
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- Onderdonk built the CPR West of the Rocky Mountains
- Van Horne built the CPR East of the Rocky Mountains |
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Who did the Canadian Government commission to build the Western section of the CPR?
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Andrew Onderdonk
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What caused Onderdonk to hire Chinese workers?
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- he could not afford to pay the white workers due to increasing debt
- workers from San Francisco were unreliable - they are a cheap source of labour - they could perform the most dangerous jobs |
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What were the contributions of the Chinese CPR workers?
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- they were a source of cheap labour and performed dangerous tasks
- they helped to build the railway in time |
