Socials 10 - The Laurier Era

Front 1

Who was Wilfred Laurier?

Back 1

the first French-Canadian Prime Minister

Front 2

What is Laurier most well-known for?

Back 2

- his policies of conciliation
- nation building
- compromises between French and English Canada
- argued for English-French partnership in Canada

Front 3

What happened under the Laurier years?

Back 3

- rapid economic growth also known as the "Golden Years"
- global economy was booming and benefited Canada
- Wheat, minerals and lumber were in demand
- by 1910, most of the Prairies were settled and being farmed

Front 4

Why did Laurier seem like the perfect politician?

Back 4

- he was bilingual and moved with ease between both cultures
- this led people to think that he could solve problems between French and English
- became known as the "Great Compromiser" but this had its own advantages and disadvantages

Front 5

Was Canada still a part of the British Empire during Laurier's rule?

Back 5

Yes

Front 6

What happened as a result of the Seven Years War?

Back 6

- the British defeated the French at the Plains of Abraham and captured all of New France in 1760
- Canada is left with a large French-Canadian population in a country controlled by England

Front 7

In this time period, what was the biggest empire?

Back 7

British

Front 8

In this time period, how was Canada governed?

Back 8

it was self-governed

Front 9

How is this time considered imperialistic?

Back 9

- European rivals were in a race to win more colonies
- U.S was establishing strategic bases
- Laurier did not want to be dominated by Great Britain or the US

Front 10

Why were the French-Canadians angered with Canada's relation to Britain?

Back 10

- they did not look to Britain as the seat of their culture

Front 11

What was the Klondike Gold Rush and what were the effects?

Back 11

- a time in the 1890's where people went to the Canadian Klondike River in hopes of striking gold
- unfortunately, few people found gold
- Dawson City was established due to the great surge of people in the area
- Yukon was created with Dawson City as its capital
- disputes over Alaskan boundary with US because it was close to Dawson City and it was easy access to the gold fields

Front 12

What were the conflicts in the Manitoba Schools Question?

Back 12

- Manitoba had created an English only school system
- angered French-Canada because of the large percentage of French-Canadians and Metis living in Manitoba

Front 13

What did Laurier do about the Manitoba Schools Question?

Back 13

- developed a compromise with the Premier of Manitoba
- they agreed that Catholic education would be permitted in public schools and French would be used in teaching, but only on a school by school basis

Front 14

What was Laurier's compromise for the Manitoba Schools Question?

Back 14

- Manitoba would not pay for separate Catholic schools but the public system would provide only half an hour of religious instruction at the end of a school day
- A French speaking teacher would be provided if ten or more students spoke French

Front 15

What was the Manitoba Schools Issue?

Back 15

- French + English disagreed over funding for Roman Catholic Schools
- Manitoba Act 1870 guaranteed the French bilingualism and their right to religion
- Manitoba Schools Act is passed making English the only language of instruction
- Macdonald ignored this issue

Front 16

Did the Laurier's compromise to the Manitoba Schools Question satisfy everyone?

Back 16

No, it did not satisfy the French

Front 17

What was the impact of the Manitoba Schools Issue on Canadian unity?

Back 17

- It had divided the French and English
- Laurier sought to compromise due to his deep belief in national unity

Front 18

What was the impact of the Boer War and Canadian unity?

Back 18

- It had divided the French and English
- Laurier sought to compromise due to his deep belief in national unity

Front 19

What was the Boer War?

Back 19

- war was over territory held by the Dutch in South Africa
- Britain wanted to add South Africa to its Empire; this area contained rich natural resources, especially diamonds
- Britain calls on Canada for support
- English Canadians believed that fighting for British was for prestige or pride
- French Canadians did not want Canada to be involved in the British imperialist war

Front 20

What was Laurier's compromise for the Boer War?

Back 20

- Canada would send volunteers to South Africa and equip and pay them
- Overall, 7300 volunteers were sent and nearly $3 million was spent

Front 21

What happened as a result of Laurier's compromise for the Boer War?

Back 21

- a former ally, Henri-Bourassa led opposition to his decision
- Bourassa believed that Canada did not need to get involved with Britain's wars

Front 22

What other railways were built after the CPR?

Back 22

- The Canadian Northern Railway
- The Grand Trunk Railway + The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway
- both were transcontinental

Front 23

What was the Naval Issue?

Back 23

- another divide between English and French Canada
- a naval race between Britain and Germany caused Britain to ask for support from Canada
- English Canadians wanted to contribute ships directly to Britain
- French Canadians wanted Canada to have its own navy

Front 24

What was Laurier's compromise to the Naval Issue?

Back 24

- introduction of the Naval Service Act where Canada could have its own navy but it could be used by the British when needed

Front 25

What happened as a result of Laurier's compromise to the Naval Issue?

Back 25

- satisfied neither French nor English Canada
- new navy was ridiculed the "Tin Pot Navy" which consisted of only 11 ships
- caused Laurier to lose election due to loyalty to both sides

Front 26

What happened when homestead land became an incentive to Western Canadian settlers?

Back 26

- prairie land filled with settlers due to work done by Clifford Sifton

Front 27

Who was Clifford Sifton?

Back 27

Laurier's minister of the Interior who was in charge of immigration

Front 28

What was Clifford Sifton's Open Door Policy?

Back 28

- wanted farmers to settle in the Prairies
- preferred immigrants from the United States, Britain and Northern Europe
- flooded desirable countries with pamphlets, posters and advertising
- he promised land in the "Last, Best West" and promoted the idea that Canada was the land of opportunity

Front 29

What is the Push - Pull factors immigration?

Back 29

Vast migrations of population due to a need to leave one's homeland (push factor) and/or the lure of opportunity in another country (pull factor)
- during waves of immigration, push-pull factors work together

Front 30

What were "push" factors for immigrants from Asia?

Back 30

- Overpopulation
- Poverty
- Famine

Front 31

What was the "push" factor for immigrants from the US?

Back 31

- End of good homestead lands

Front 32

What was the "push" factor for immigrants from Europe?

Back 32

- Overcrowding
- No land
- Political restrictions
- Rigid social system

Front 33

What were Canada's "pull" factors?

Back 33

- Gold Rush
- Resource Industries (Fish, Lumber, Mining)
- Free Land
- Resources
- Jobs in industry factories
- Familiar culture/language (US)

Front 34

What happened as a result of the Open Door Policy?

Back 34

- English Canadians only wanted British immigrants
- French worried that the presence of other minority groups would drown their demands for cultural equality
- Frank Oliver was appointed the new Minister of the Interior
- Oliver changed the Immigration Act to slow the migration of non-English speaking immigrants

Front 35

How did Sifton's Policy differentiate from Canadian Tradition?

Back 35

- traditional policy was where immigrants whose language was English were brought in
- Sifton went against this and encouraged immigration of those other than British origin

Front 36

What was reciprocity?

Back 36

- Laurier favours free trade between US and Canada
- Canadians oppose due to the fact that Canadian produced goods are at competition with US goods
- Canadians fear American annexation as they may flood the market because Western immigrants are not patriotic

Front 37

What happened as a result of reciprocity and how did it lead to Laurier's downfall?

Back 37

- Laurier loses popularity in both English and French Canada
- Robert Borden is elected and he is Conservative who puts in place protective tariffs (under the National Policy)