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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define socialization. |
Lifelong process by which we learn our culture, develop personalities, become members of society |
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Primary socialization |
when children learn attitudes, values, and appropriate behaviours for individuals in their culture |
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Secondary socialization |
Learning defined roles through expectations throughout the life course |
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Agent of socialization |
individuals, groups, and social institutions that together help people become functioning members of society |
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Discuss the role of family as an agent of socialization. |
During important formative periodfamilies provide child with love, nourishment, protection, guide first experiences with social worldare largely responsible for Childs emerging identities, self esteem, and personalityare responsible for gender roles, social class, ethnic identities |
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Peer groups |
people who are closely related in age and share similar interests |
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Discuss the role of peer groups as an agent of socialization. |
-Children meet in school and have to make their own friends and find out not everyone likes them-Experience pressure to find peers they can relate to as belonging to a peer group is vital for a sense of community, achieving, maintaining social influence |
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Discuss Reginald Bibby’s findings on peer groups as agents of socialization. |
Argues the % of teens who drink, smoke cigarettes, marijuana, or engage in sex has decreased significantly |
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Discuss the role of school/education as agent of socialization. |
They teach social control and personal development and transmit cultureTeach students to be productive members of societytransmit specific technical skillsSort selection, training and placement of individuals on different rungs in society |
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Discuss the role of “the hidden curriculum” in education as agent of socialization |
School also teach a hidden curriculum- process by which children from working class and lower income families learn to be truthful, compliant, trust authority |
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Discuss the role of mass media as an agent of socialization. |
informs us about eventsintroduce us to a variety of peopleprovide different viewpoints on current issuesmake us aware of products and services that, if we purchase them, will help us be accepted by othersentertain us |
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Discuss the functionalist perspective on socialization. |
Argue that socialization is a process of internalizing socially approves norms/ behavioursPeople who grow in culture internalize a similar set of norms and values |
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Social integration |
occurs when widespread acceptance of socially approved norms and values lead to smooth group functioning |
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Define and discuss the difference between Mead’s concepts of the “me” and the “I”. |
I - the part of the self that is spontaneous, creative, impulsive and often unpredictableME- the socialized element of the self, the part of consciousness that thinks about how you behave, helps control I |
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Define and discuss Mead’s stages of development for socialization. |
Emphasized the importance of children imaginative play in early socialization, through play children become sensitive to responses of othersThree stages |
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Preparatory stage (birth to age 3) |
Young children's first experiences is a result of imitation Children dont understand the meanings behind these interactions but want to please parentsThrough positive and negative reinforcement children begin to develop the “i” while “me” is forming in the background |
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- Play stage (3-5) |
- Children learn about themselves and society through play - As children begin to assume the roles of the characters they play - Language skills are developing so children can accurately communicate their thoughts and feelings |
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Game stage -elementary -school years |
- as children develop they become proficient taking on multiple roles at once - participating in complex games that require playing a particular roles (defence) teaches them to understand their individual position and the needs of the group |
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Generalized others |
represent and individuals appreciation that other members of society behave within socially accepted guidelines and rules (influence continues through life course) |
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Significant others |
People we want to impress/gain approval from |
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Define and discuss Cooley’s views on socialization. |
Argued that the self is developed as a result of interaction “looking glass self”How you imagine you appear to othersHow you imagine others judge your appearanceSelf concept established by evaluation of others |
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Resocialization |
the change of complete transformation of a persons personality as a result of being places in an environment dedicated to changing their previous identity |
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Involuntary resocialization |
occurred in first nation residential schools, drafter into military service, thrown in jail committed to a psychiatric hospital, subjected to mandatory retirement |
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Voluntary recocialization |
occurs when someone starts school or moves to a new school, when one begins a job with a new company, when one retires from work, or undergoes religious conversion |
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Total institutions- |
settings in which people are isolated from society and supervised by an administrative staff |
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Degradation ceremony |
rite of passage where a person is stripped of his or her individuality |
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Rite of passage |
a ritual marking of a life change from one status to another, typically following some sort of training |
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Discuss the ideas of Erving Goffman |
-Discusses social roles dramaturgically -Analyze self-self interaction through theatre performances-He took metaphors from the theatre to represent self identities through appearance, facial expression, and manner |
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Front stage- |
-While on the front stage we prepare, recuperate, adjust and rest on the back stage |
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-Back stage |
where we take off our masks, reveal ourselves, say what we really feel |
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Discuss the ideas of Harold Garfinkel. |
-Developed ethnomethodology- Studied peoples own “ethane” or common sense methods of knowing and enacting social rules around them-Social worlds provide their own common sense vocabularies which participants use to understand their lives-The meanings/experiences of social worlds are constructed through social interaction-Social worlds reveal their meanings, vocabularies, rules when they are breached, violated or upset |
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ethnomethodology |
a school of though that tackles the construction of reality within social worlds of meanings |
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Discuss the ideas of Arlie Hochschild. |
-How to apply sociological methodological rigour to emotions that are felt as intimate experiences-The language of emotions makes it difficult to sociology research when we are told to “go with” “trust” or “follow” our feelings as if they were the deepest, most natural and most authentic part of ourselves-Emotions are sociological because they find meaning and expression though interaction/relationship in a social context |
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Social interaction |
the process by which people act and react in relation to other people -Members of society rely of social structure to make sense out of daily situations -One building block is status-social position a person holds |
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-Social construction of reality |
process by which people shape reality through social interaction (casualties vs. killing) -streets smarts is a form of constructing reality |
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Thomas theorem |
situations we define as real become real |
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Non-verbal communication |
consists of communication using body movements, facial expressions, gestures-Paying close attention to non verbal communication is an effective way of telling whether or not someone is telling the truth |
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Demeanour |
the way we act and carry ourselves |
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Use of space |
men taking up space shows dominance, women are supposed to take up less space to represent social marginality |
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Personal space |
surrounding area over which a person makes claims privacy |
