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77 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
American Civil War
Shortages and deficiencies in care drove home need for trained nurses
Louisa May Alcott
Publicized need for nursing training during American Civil War Period
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Organized military hospitals and Corpsof nurses
Harriett Tubman
Black nurse- underground railroad
Clara Barton
Foundd American Red Cross
Post Civil War
Burgeoning of schools based on Nightingale method/Exploitation of students
Post-Civil War
Most clinical nursing took place in Public Healtha and private duty arenas.
Linda Richards
First American trained nurse 1872
Mary Mahoney
First African- American trained nurse 1879
Lillian Wald
first pulic health nurse 1893
Isabel Hampton Robb
first nursing professional organization president
World War I
Need for nurses couldn't be met in military/civilian sectors. 1st nursing shortage
World War I
US Army started its own school of nursing
Great Depression
Mass unemployment/ Nurse unemployment/ closure of hospital training programs.
Great Depression
Mvt. of trained nurses back into hospitals
Roosevelts New Deal
Federal Funds to support hospitals and employ nurses
WWII
Shortage/ Cadet Nurse Corps (fed funds to pay for training at military/civilian level.
WWII
Emergence of Nurses Aides to help meet shortage.
Korean War
Mobile Field Hospitals/ dev. of ICU and ER depts. at civilian sector
Viet Nam Conflict
Aeromedical evacuation/ commissioning of male nurses by Army/ Navy
Major Historical Influences still persisting
Status of women/ Religous roots/ Military influence
Occupation
any activity engaged in to earn a living
Vocation
Individual is uniquely suited
Profession
Rigorous formal educ./Intell over phys./Practical/ vital to soc./public service/ responsiblilty/ accountability
Profession cont.
high degree of autonomy and control, self-policed code of ethics, specialized body of knowledge
all professions are________
but not all______ are professions
occupations
Credentials
Written documents evidencing competence
Degree/ diploma
attest to completion of course of study
License
legal credential issued by govt.- police power.
Registration
listing of information w/ govt.- not quite same as licensure.
Today licensure requires:
grad. from approved prgram/ pymt of fee w/ periodic renewal/ evid. of cont. competence (CEU)
Purpose of License
Protect public!!
Nurse Practice Act
Est. board/define nursing/ grant license/ approve Nrs. programs/ deny revoke lic.
Trends in licensure are:
1)Institutional
2 Multistate Recognition Model
Certification
Excellence/special expertise rather than minimal competency/Not granted by govt.
Certification cont....
Not legally required/ usually requires an exam and possible experience in a specialty
Problems w/ certification:
Lack of reward for cert./ Lack of agreement about its meaning/Plethora of gov. bodies/ conflicts of inter.
ANCC
American Nurses Credentialing Center- standardized nursing certification of nurses.
Accredidation
appoval of hospitals, healthcare organizations, educational institutions, educat. programs
JCAHO
Joint Commission on Accredidation of Healthcare Organization
NLN
National league for nursing: schools of nursing
State boards of nursing
Continuing Education Providers
ANA- American Nurses Association
Local, state, national level/ advance prof., infl. leg./collective bargaining/Code of ethics
NLN National League for Nursing
made of nurses,non-nurses,organizations. Purpose is advance nursing education
NLN advances nursing education by
accrediting schools, achievement testing. Supports all level of nursing education.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
Only Deans and directors of baccalaureate schools of nursing can join
AACN
Comnpeting w/ NLN to accredit BS programs
Sigma Theta Tau Interantional
(STTI)
Nursing's Honor Society
Clinical Specialty Organizations
Association of Operating room nurses; American Critical Care Nurses
Ethnicity Specialty Organization
National Black Nurses Association; Nationl Hispanic Nurses Association
Religious Affiliation
Nurses Christian Fellowship
Who establisheshe standards by which quality of nursing care is measured?
Govt.: State Boards of Nursing
Nursing Professional Organizations
Disadvantages of having multiple entry point to Nursing
Confuses public, employers, and even nurses. All RNs take same exam, same salary, same job
diploma programs
Descended from Nightingale Program, influencd by war experiences
New England Hospital (1872)
First US Diploma Program
Characteristics of US Diploma Programs
Rel. influence, Rigorous discipline, apprenticeship training-not education
Cont... Characteristics of US Diploma Programs
No Jobs in Hospitals for grads., esploited as "cheap labor", rush to est. schools
Current diploma programs
few remaining, meet accrediation standards, loosely affiliated w/higher learning/27-36 mo. program
Effects of WWII on AD programs
Demand for technically capable workers in new industries, large number of returning vets w/ ed. benefits
Effects WWII on AD Programs cont..
Rise of Community college system, nursing shortage influenced by baby boom, success of Cadet Nurse program
1952
First AD Programs came into existance in:
AD Programs
Produce majority of nurses today
Impact and concerns of AD Program
Intended to prepare grads for hosp. based practice./ added diversity in prof.,selective admissions
AD Program
Two year curriculum
BSN
4 year university program, prelicensure or RN-BSN
University of Minnesota
Home of first univeristy program, similar to diploma program, not BS degree, started 1909
Yale University
1924- first nursing program to grantr degree.
Annie W. Goodrich
Dean of first BSN nursing program.
Issues and Challenges of BSN programs
Facility scarce,faculty little time for research needed to remain competitive among other faculty
LVN/LPN programs
started in YWCA 100yrs. ago, rapid growth after WWII,waivers LPNs thru 50-60s
LVN/LPN cont..
must pass NCLEX-LPN, 9-12 mo. curriculum, work under RN supervision except in nursing homes
CNA
Approved training courses, under jurisdiction of Board of Nuring, works under LPN/RN
ANA Position Paper of 1965
All nursing education in institutions of higher learning. BSN/ Technical divisions
Graduate Nursing Programs
Masters and Doctoral
Major Influences on Dev. of Nursing Education
Responsiveness of profession in dealing w/recurring shortages, public outcry during shortages
Major Influ. on dev. of nursing education cont...
Exploitation by hospital industry, 'woman's profession'
Mildred Montag
Instrumental in development of first assoc. degree program