Social Work Final

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generalist intervention model

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Mastery of wide range of practice skills to target anysize systems (micro, mezzo, macro). Effective work with in an organizational structure. Eclectic Knowledge base

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systems theory

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Theystress the importance of the environment and the impact of other systems

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client system

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will be the beneficiary of the macro intervention process.

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target system

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The system that social workers must modify orinfluence in order to accomplish their goals.

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change agent system

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the person who feels some change within the agency isneeded.

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action system

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people who agree and are committed to work together inorder to attain the proposed macro change.

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micro

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direct practice, working with individuals ad groups.

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mezzo

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working with larger groups of people, but not the entire community.

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macro client

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involves larger numbers of clients, families, or groups ofclients with similar characteristics or qualifications for receiving resourcesor services, or an agency or community that will be the beneficiary of the macrointervention process.

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goals

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the object of a person's effort. an aim or desired result.

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objectives

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steps in order to reach your goal? what are you going to do?

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action step

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further breaking down how you will do something.

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critical thinking skills

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Apredisposition to question conclusions that concern client care and welfare & Recognizingwhat information is missing

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assertive

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being able to say np, in a respectful manner; sticking up for yourself.

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aggressive

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worrying more about what you want and yourself than about others.

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non assertive

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not being able to say no (ex. Your supervisor asks you to work late thisevening. You have special plans that youfeel you cannot disrupt. You reply toyour supervisor, “Okay.”)

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pros of conflict

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helps you learn how to work with others, how to deal with the situations better, and teaches you conflict resolution

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cons of conflict

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may ruin relationships,

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imp. of communication during conflict resolution

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emphasize your willingness to cooperate, empathize with your opponent's perspective, and evaluate both you and your opponent's motivation to address the conflict.

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functions of supervisor

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Administrative functions of supervisors. Educational functions of supervisors. Support functions of supervisors. Other functions of supervisors

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using supervision effectively

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Translate the policies and objectives of the agency into specific work duties and timelines; Select the jobs to be completed; Assign workers who will complete the jobs; Determine when the jobs will be completed; Review whether or not the work is being completed and up to agency standards; Evaluate employees

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organizations

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a broad concept that constitutes people, resources, and structured to meet stated goals. made up of individuals. goal directed. deliberately structured and coordinated activity system,

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social services

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tasks. personal v. institutional social services.

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social agency

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organizations providing social services. public v. private. profit v. non-profit.

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classical management theories

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emphasize thatspecifically designed, formal structure and a consistent, rigid organizationalnetwork of employees are most important in having an organization run well

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neoclassical management theories

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Organizations based on cooperation Inducements and contributions in an organization Emphasis on motivation rather than control Emphasis on people working together rather than onproduction Workers viewed as individuals Competent professionals in need of administrative support

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human relations model

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Cooperation in immediate work groups is a majorconcept.

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theory x

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managers believe that they must control, direct,force, or threaten employees to make them work.

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theory y

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managers believe that they NEED NOT control, direct,force, or threaten employees to make them work. Employees want to work and thus should be motivated by giving extrinsicand intrinsic rewards to work and proper support to perform. workers are generally more creative and productive, experiencegreater work satisfaction, and are more highly motivated

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chaos theory

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seeks understanding of simple systems that ma change in a sudden, unexpected, or irregular way.

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contingency theory

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maintains that each element involved in anorganization depends on other elements; therefore, there is no one generallybest way to accomplish tasks or goals.

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goal displacement

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occurs when an organization continues to function butno longer achieves the goals it’s supposed to.

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administrative theory of management

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basic principles are centralization, delegation of authority, unity of command, and unity of direction.

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social policy

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involves the actions of government that have a directimpact on the welfare of people by providing services and income

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resiliency

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the ability of an individual, family, group,community, or organization to recover from adversity and resume functioningeven when suffering serious trouble, confusion, or hardship.

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post-modern feminist

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stresses the particularity of women’s experiences inspecific cultural and historical contexts.

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feminist

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"the personal is political"

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mission statements

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identify the organization’s basic reason for existence

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skills for effective leadership

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use of self and understanding the media

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imp. of networks

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Clients benefit from informal helping networks,reach out to clients who might not seek services, assist formal resource systems, help clients receive service from formal system.

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self-help groups

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parents anonymous, AA, parents without partners

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group think

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Going along with the majority of a group withoutanalyzing alternatives and placing too much emphasis on conformity

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privileged motions

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have the highest priority

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not an advantage of parliamentary procedure

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can be manipulated by those who know how to do so.

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point of order

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appropriate when the group has begun discussing an item not on the agenda.

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point of information

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say this when you are not clear about the intent of the motion.

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empathy

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refers to not only being in tune with how the otherpeople feel, but also conveying to people both verbally and nonverbally thatyou understand how they feel.

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simple encouragement

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using a simple one-word response or nonverbal head nodwhile maintaining eye contact

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turtle

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One who withdraws to avoid conflict

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shark

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One who is an aggressor moving badly into conflict.

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teddy bear

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one who values the relationship with the opponent much more than achieving his/her own goals.

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fox

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one who is the compromiser and will work to reach some agreement that is acceptable to both oneself and the opponent.

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PERT chart

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establishes time frames

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force field analysis

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A technique that organizes information so that majorvariables acting for or against macro change can be identified.

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central theme of total quality management

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imp. of customer/client

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classical scientific management theory

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The school of thought that calls for minimalindependent functioning on the part of employees

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stewardship

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makes a good servant leader

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conflict of interest

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An agency administrator awards a bid for new officecomputers to a company that promises to provide him with a new 52” televisionset for his home. violation in the NASW Code of Ethics

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private conduct

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A social worker placed an anti-abortion bumper stickeron her car and then made home visits to pregnant teenagers struggling with whatto do about their pregnancy. violation in the NASW code of ethics.

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reamers guide to ethical decision making

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Rules about basic survival supersede rulesgoverning lesser actions

2. One persons right to well-being supersedesanother person’s right to self determination

3. One persons right to self-Determinationsupersedes that same persons right to well being4. Obeying rules you have agreed to supportsupersedes the right to freely break these rules

5. Peoples right to well-being supersedesadherence to rules you have agreed to support

6. Preventing harm and fulfilling basic needssupersedes withholding your own property

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experimental design

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study where iv is controlled or manipulated in some way

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quasi experimental design

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miss 1 aspect of the experimental design. no random assignment.

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mean

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average

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median

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middle number

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mode

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shown most often

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experimental group

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group that receives the variable being tested.

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control group

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group that does not receive treatment

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independent variable

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a variable whose variation does not depend on that of another.

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dependent variable

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a variable whose value depends on that of another.

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random sample

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create equivalent groups: eliminates alternative explanations; non-spurious (also done through matching)

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systematic sample

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member from a larger population are selected according to a random starting point and a fixed periodic interval.

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stratified sample

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a sample that is drawn from a number of separate start of the population, rather than at random from the whole population, in order that it should be representative.

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baseline

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a minimum or starting point used for comparisons

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probability sampling

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equal chance for everymember in the population to be included in thesample generalizability

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formative evaluations

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monitoring. process oriented, implementation stage, purpose is to improve the change effort, helpful in monitoring the program.

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summative evaluations

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consequence of service provided, followed b intervention, measure goals achieved, imp. for funders and other stakeholders.

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effectiveness evaluations

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outcome oriented; desired outcome

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efficiency evaluations

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least expensive

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goal attainment scaling

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monitor progress towards goals

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target problem scaling

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monitor changes in client behavior

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quality assurance reviews

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determining compliance with established set of standards.

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ethics and values in evaluations

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volunteers, risks discussed, informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, stay current with research and research methods.

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advocacy

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speaking up and fighting for those who don't have a voice.

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social action

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Alinksky's approach: powers is the sum of what others think you have, and power must be taken from those who have it. (ex. Civil Rights Movement)

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social planning

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bringing someone else in to help.

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locality development

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Ischaracterized by democratic procedures, voluntary cooperation, education,self-help model, and development of indigenous leadership

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descriptive statistics

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John’s report shows that the average high schooldropout is 16 years old, white, and male. The average dropout is also 2.5 years behind his peers in readingability. (example)

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predictive validity

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If a new test can determine how a good a social workeryou will be three years from now

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cause advocacy

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Working on behalf of groups of people and communitieswho lack the ability to defend or help themselves

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macro context of orgs

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shifting macro environment and shrinking resource. legitimization and client sources.

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problems in supervision

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misunderstandings between supervisor and supervisee, supervisor takes credit of your work, incompetent/lazy supervisor, probs with delegation, and inability to deal with conflict.

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using supervision effectively

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use of communication skills, up-to-date records, plan meeting agenda ahead of time, be prepared to learned and improve, empathize, give feedback, keep your supervisor in loop about situation, be familiar with supervisor evaluation system.

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stress and general adaptation syndrome

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three phase reaction; alarm- fight or flight preparation. resistance/repair phase- homeostasis. exhaustion- extended periods of stress.

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theory of irrational thinking

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a= activating event (identify the stressor)

b= belief system (rational/ irrational beliefs identified)

c= consequences (physiological/psychological/behavioral)

d= dispute irrational beliefs

e= effect (consequences)

events-> beliefs-> feelings

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stress management strategies

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relaxation approaches, exercise, reinforcing activities, social support

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time management and stress

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poor time management cause for increased stress. time management (planning). poor time management cause for increased stress.

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how to handle procrastination

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break up tasks, do the worst job first, complete, bow is the best time, build in some rewards system.

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time management techniques

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understand your job responsibilities, find out your optimal time, similar activities together/each document together only once, use of calendar, delegate, don't do other people's work, time for contemplation/leisure/correspondence, effective meetings, review daily/ weekly plan & progress, and use of technology.

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metropolitan communities

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about50,000 and above; serve as business/economic centers for surrounding; generallycomposed of multiple [suburban, satellite] cities.

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Nonmetropolitancommunities

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small cities (15,000-50,000; own police department). small towns (8-20,000; not legally organized or chartered). rural communities (small towns surrounded by townships; no services in community, under 10,000). reservation communities (native American reservations). bedroom communities (residential in nature). institutional communities

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ecological perspective

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interactions and transactions

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social systems perspective

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communities -> task and functions

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social structure perspective

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subsystems affecting individuals and groups, some social structures empower and some oppress; interaction between social structures and individuals and families.

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human behavior theories

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conflict theories, social learning and behavioral theories, & rational theories.

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competition

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rivalry for supremacy

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concentration

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a close gathering of people or things

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gentrification

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a process of renovation and revival of deteriorated urban neighborhoods by a means of influx or more affluent residents, which results in increased property values and the displacing of lower-income families and small businesses

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centralization

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when activities of an org become concentrated within a particular location or group

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invasion

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an unwelcomed intrusion to another's domain

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succession

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a number of people or things sharing a specified characteristic and following one after another.

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feasibility study

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an assessment of the practicality of a proposed plan or method

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planned changed process

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engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination, follow-up.

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Imagine

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develop an innovative idea

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iMagine

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muster support and formulate can action system.

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imAgine

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identify assets

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imaGine

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specify goals, objectives, and action steps to attain them.

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imagIne

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implement the plan (actual doing of the plan)

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imagiNe

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neutralize opposition (determine how to deal with reactions and resistance berforehand).

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imaginE

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evaluate progress (evaluate intervention progress and effectiveness. monitoring and targeting end results).

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prepare (p)

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identify probs to address

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changes in organization

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undertaking specific projects (service: novel, pioneering, untried approaches, support: means to some other end), developing new programs, and changing agency policies.

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prepare (R)

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review macro and personal reality

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prepare (e)

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establish primary goals

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prepare (p)

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identify relevant people of influence

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prepare (a)

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assess potential costs and benefits to clients and agency

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prepare (r)

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review professional and personal risk

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prepare (e)

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evaluate the potential success of a macro change process

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probs in orgs/communities

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impersonal behaviors, rewards and recognition, agency policies, tradition and unwritten rules

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forms of conflict

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interpersonal, scarce resources, representational (interest groups), intercessional (intercede).

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induced conflict

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means to an end

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misattributed

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placing it where it isn't

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illusionary conflict

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thinking there Is a problem when there isn't.

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types of conflict

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data, structural, expressive, displaced, opposing values, interests, or commitments

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privileged communication

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law usually protects against forced disclosure of such conversations.

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working with the media

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used as a resource to create public awareness, we need to understand it, very powerful tool.

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fundraising

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raising money for a certain event or project. benefit drives, sponsors, individual donors, direct solicitation,. solicitation by mail or phone, or grants.

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grant process

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pre-application phase (request for proposal), active application phase (start app, develop draft proposal, consult with someone, develop relationship with granting agency), post-application phase (they make decision, waiting, apply what you said).

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government grants

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national institute on aging

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business and corporate grants

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national association of social workers

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foundation grants

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Carnegie

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how to apply

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through your organization, or others, or where you want the money from. write a rfp first.

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parts of a grant

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cover page, table of contents, abstract/summary, narrative section, credentials to staff, certification of compliance, budget, cost sharing/matching/indirect costs, endorsements, summative evaluations.

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characteristics of a good grant proposal

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Executive Summary or Introduction, Statement of Need, Project Description or Solutions section, Budget or Request for Funds, Organization Information, Conclusion, Appendix (ifpermitted by foundation)

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privatization of services

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process of transferring an enterprise or industry from the public to private sector.