Social Unit Test 1

Front 1

Imperialism

Back 1

land = power

Front 2

Colonialism

Back 2

an empire branching out across the globe (strategically)(expansionism) and colonizing key land points in order to gain resources and land (imperialism)

Front 3

Eurocentrism

Back 3

viewing the world from a European perspective and promoting European values and beliefs as dominant

Front 4

Ethnocentrism

Back 4

believing one’s own race or ethnicity is dominant/better than another’s

Front 5

Racism

Back 5

belief that there are “racial” differences and that certain races are naturally superior to others.

Front 6

Social Darwinism

Back 6

the belief that Darwin’s theory of evolution applies to a social perspective/the stronger survive and take over the weaker (rationalization)

Front 7

Social Degeneration

Back 7

the European term to describe the European assimilation into a non-European culture (i.e “gone native”)

Front 8

Missionarism

Back 8

the Eurocentric view that non-Europeans needed to be “civilized”/spread of Christianity (rationalized/promoted assimilation and marginalization)

Front 9

Slavery

Back 9

People are bought and sold as property (had to do with ethnocentrism)

Front 10

Indentured Service

Back 10

people are bound by a long-term labour contract/can't escape (partial slavery)

Front 11

Genocide

Back 11

the deliberate killing of a large group of people (Hernan Cortez and the Aztec/Pizzaro and the Inca’s)

Front 12

White Man's Burden

Back 12

the belief that it is the “white man’s burden” to civilize/assimilate “savage” groups of people in order to save them

Front 13

Expansionism

Back 13

a country expanding outward and taking over/colonizing more land across the globe (beginnings of globalization)

Front 14

Exploration

Back 14

a country sending out explorers to navigate the world, map it (cartography) and gain more knowledge of the world for their country
(perhaps even take over some countries)

Front 15

Ideological Spread

Back 15

the spread of a dominant society’s ideologies across other weaker societies/essentially assimilation

Front 16

Militarism

Back 16

the belief that a country must maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote said country

Front 17

Geopolitics

Back 17

the study of geography and how it relates to politics, national power and foreign policy

Front 18

Conscripted Labour

Back 18

forced labour

Front 19

Purpose

Back 19

the reason/rationalization for why something exists

Front 20

Governor/Viceroy + Bureaucracy:

Back 20

an official appointed to govern/1.A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives

Front 21

Army

Back 21

the branch of a nation responsible for protection and taking over other countries (historically)/conducts militaristic operations on land

Front 22

Police

Back 22

the civil force of a local or federal government, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and keeping public order

Front 23

Interconnectivity

Back 23

Countries/cultures are all connected to each other through many aspects, whether it be cultural, economic, social, political, etc.

Front 24

Push Factors

Back 24

Factors pushing countries to explore and expand (ex: food, gold, imperialism, etc)

Front 25

Pull Factors

Back 25

Factors drawing countries to explore certain parts of the world (ex: imperialism, gold, expansion, power, land, etc)
profit

Front 26

Economic Motivating Factors

Back 26

Expanding of trade links, breaking the Venetian monopoly, potential for huge profit

Front 27

Political Motivating Factors

Back 27

Consolidation (alliance, merging), empire building/imperialism, increase the prestige of the ruler (“emperor” land=power)

Front 28

Social Motivating Factors

Back 28

Ethnocentrism (spreading it), missionarism, curiosity (science)

Front 29

Control Over Knowledge

Back 29

The Catholic Church had control over knowledge after the fall of the Roman Empire (teachings, commandments, parable say). With the exploration and mapping of the world, we found that the world was not flat. This showed the Church was wrong, begging the question of what else is the church wrong about?

Front 30

Social Structure

Back 30

How the different people are split socially/in the middle ages it consisted of nobility, aristocratic and higher middle class as 15% and slaves/serfs as 85%

Front 31

Birth Right

Back 31

What you are born as is what you remain/if your parents are serfs, so are you for the rest of your life

Front 32

Role of Explorers

Back 32

The governments would want to hire explorers in order to expand their empire (imperialism/expansion)

Front 33

SIgnificance of Exploration

Back 33

Exploration helped discover trade routes, changed our knowledge of the word, and empowered those with knowledge (mapping, expanding knowledge, aided in removing the Catholic Church from power).

Front 34

Roman Empire

Back 34

The Roman Empire had gained a very in-depth knowledge of how the world worked. When the Roman Empire fell, so did their knowledge, allowing the Catholic Church to seize power.

Front 35

Dark Ages

Back 35

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church seized power and most of the collective knowledge was lost. This period is called the Dark Ages because of the lack of knowledge that existed, with over 85% of the population being in the dark.

Front 36

Key Characteristics (Dark Ages)

Back 36

Infrastructure links disintegrated, the Catholic Church controlled the knowledge, 85% of the population consisted with Serfs (uneducated, living in fear).

Front 37

Serf

Back 37

Consisted of 85% of the population during the Dark Ages, mostly uneducated and living in fear as a result of the Catholic Church.

Front 38

Nobility

Back 38

Those of nobility made up a portion of the other 15% of the population during the Dark Ages

Front 39

3 Elements That Helped Start Internationalism

Back 39

The Vikings’ exploration, the Silk Road trade route and the Crusades.

Front 40

Vikings

Back 40

The Vikings were known as the Norse (north) people who explored and conquered most of Europe and were an embodiment of imperialism.

Front 41

Silk Road

Back 41

A large trade route, traversed by camel caravan that was vital in the transportation of luxury goods (silks and spices) for the Renaissance, connecting China to Europe.

Front 42

Crusades

Back 42

Refers to a series of wars between European Christians and Middle Eastern Moslems. The intent was to “free the holy land” and they lasted from the 11th century to the 14th century A.D. There were at minimum 16 individual crusades called “first crusade,” second crusade” and so on. This was the first large-scale movement of people out of Europe since the Roman Empire.

Front 43

New Spain

Back 43

Took place in Central and south America (anywhere that Spanish is the main language)/The Spaniards came from spain while others were born in the colonies.

Front 44

New France

Back 44

They existed in Lower Canada and thus traded in and influenced areas around Lower Canada.
Francophone people who immigrated from France, typically desperate people who worked as day laborers and wanted a fresh start. Many became poor farmers but when the fur trade hit many gave up farming all together for a career in the fur trade.
They came from France, but in terms of economics they were desperate people who worked as day laborers and wanted a fresh start. Most became poor farmers, but when the fur trade began many gave up farming.

Front 45

13 Colonies

Back 45

Significances: The English colonies were a way for England to colonize North America but also for religious groups to seek refuge in a distant and new land. Many of the colonies were economically driven, with Tabaco growth, the Fur Trade, as well as gold and mining. This shows that the tensions with England in these colonies is pretty high and that later on, during the American Revolution, the states tries to separate itself from England and become an independent state.

Front 46

Samoset and Squanto

Back 46

Samoset and Squanto were both aboriginals that aided the pilgrims in surviving North America/took place during 1600’s/patuxet (Plymouth), England/bond was formed between the pilgrims and the aboriginals and thus improved relations between settlers and aboriginals/through kindness, a bond was formed between the aboriginals and the pilgrims.

Front 47

American Aborigine

Back 47

American Aborigine were the first to arrive in North America and they moved to America in small boats.

Front 48

Ancient Mongoloids

Back 48

The Ancient Mongoloids moved to North America from Asia using the Bearing - Passage that linked. Their descendants are modern Native Americans.They Hunted Mega fauna such as Mammoths and buffalo

Front 49

Strategic Alliance/Grand Alliance

Back 49

forming alliances to make it easier on yourself

Front 50

Strategic Depth

Back 50

know what you need to do/defense in depth

Front 51

Strategic Value

Back 51

cost benefit

Front 52

Strategic Withdrawl

Back 52

go in, extract resources, leave/if there is no longer a forseeable benefit, they leave

Front 53

Buffer State/Client State

Back 53

regions who declare neutrality or do not subscribe to any alliance (ex: Switzerland)

Front 54

Cold War

Back 54

a war fought without military but with the threat of it (i.e. new technologies threatening the other country)

Front 55

The Domino Theory

Back 55

essentially chain reactions throughout geopolitics

Front 56

Encirclement

Back 56

when and alliance is formed to block/encircle another region

Front 57

Hegemony/Superpower

Back 57

creates a barrier (hedge) to which power must stay/helping means creating some sort of power that holds the region

Front 58

Isolation

Back 58

Strategically isolating one's self from other nations to industrialize/militarize (ex America prior/somewhat during WW2)

Front 59

Militarism

Back 59

the prinicple or policy of maintaining a large military establishment

Front 60

Sphere of Influence

Back 60

any area in which one nation wields dominant power over another or others (i.e. part of imperialism)

Front 61

Stalemate/War of Attrition

Back 61

any position or situation in which no action can be taken or progress made/deadlock

Front 62

Status Quo

Back 62

the existing state of condition

Front 63

Mercantilism

Back 63

Main economic system from 16th to 18th century
a protectionist policy that created a form of command (controlled) economy/Belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

Front 64

Voyageur

Back 64

boatmen hired by fur trade companies for transportation of good and people

Front 65

Habitant

Back 65

an early French settler in Canada

Front 66

Peninsulares

Back 66

high class in New Spain (born in Spain)

Front 67

Creoles

Back 67

middle class in New Spain (born in colonies)

Front 68

Mestizos/Mulattoes

Back 68

lower class in New Spain (mixed decent)

Front 69

Africans/Natives

Back 69

lowest class in New Spain (from either africa or native to the region/slaves)

Front 70

Pilgrims

Back 70

separatists from England who opposed the English Church and came to American seeking religous freedom (founded Plymouth)

Front 71

Dissenters

Back 71

members of a non-established church/pilgrims

Front 72

Puritans

Back 72

a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship