Social Theories Exam 1

Front 1

"social facts" are

Back 1

values, norms, and social structures

Front 2

2 types of social facts

Back 2

1) structural (material)
2) symbolic (nomaterial)

Front 3

example of structural social facts

Back 3

churches for groups

Front 4

example of symbolic social facts

Back 4

norms in groups

Front 5

can study facts at 2 "things"

Back 5

-externality
-objectivity

Front 6

externality "things" that are social facts

Back 6

existence beyond the individual (ex. texas state pll come & go but group keeps going)

Front 7

objectivity "things" that are social facts

Back 7

measurable facts that have social indicators (ex. rates for suicide)

Front 8

social solidarity

Back 8

what keeps a society or group together

Front 9

mechanical solidarity

Back 9

when there is no DOL, and all do the same thing & all think the same

Front 10

mechanical solidarity leads to

Back 10

collective conscience (morals shared by a society)

Front 11

factors that caused transition from mechanical to organic society

Back 11

-inc. birth rates
-immigration
-ecological boundaries
-competition over resources

Front 12

what holds a mechanical society together?

Back 12

morality

Front 13

what holds a organic society together?

Back 13

morality and precontractual solidary

Front 14

what is precontractual solidary?

Back 14

you do your part because people rely on you, feel moral duty to do your job

Front 15

3 abnormal forces of DOL

Back 15

1) forced DOL
2) inadequately coordinated DOL
3) anomic DOL

Front 16

forced DOL

Back 16

if forced to work, will have no moral duty (ex. slavery)

Front 17

inadequately coordinated DOL

Back 17

competition between specializations; most people have jobs not professions & jobs are disorganized & boring

Front 18

anomic DOL

Back 18

overspecialization draws individual away from public concerns (ex. walmart doesnt care about pll, only $)

Front 19

organic societies lead to what suicide?

Back 19

egoistic

Front 20

how organic societies lead to egoistic suicide

Back 20

excessive individualism leads to weak collective attachments leads to egoism leads to no responsibility to others leads to losing purpose to live

Front 21

mechanical societies lead to what suicide?

Back 21

altruistic

Front 22

how mechanical societies lead to altruistic suicide

Back 22

no independent thought leads to overattachment to the collective leads to concerns of group overriding individual concerns leads to sacrifice for sake of the group

Front 23

example of an egoisitic suicide

Back 23

old person loses all friends & spouse; no purpose to live

Front 24

example of an altruistic suicide

Back 24

suicide bombers

Front 25

kinds of suicide bc high attachment and regulation

Back 25

-anomic suicide
-fatalistic suicide

Front 26

anomic suicide in organic societies

Back 26

no collective conscience leads to lack of moral regulation leads to insatiable desires (always want more)

Front 27

ex. of anomic suicide

Back 27

celebs; explains why whites have highest suicide rates

Front 28

fatalistic suicide in mechanical societies

Back 28

excessive regulation leads to no individual freedom leads to life loses meaning

Front 29

ex. of fatalistic suicide

Back 29

someone joins cult, has knowledge of outside world so now feels like has no freedom

Front 30

religion originated because

Back 30

people got together for a common purpose

Front 31

"mana" in religion

Back 31

sense of power beyond self

Front 32

process of how religion formed

Back 32

1) came together for common cause
2) causes collective effervescence (energy)
3) identity as sacred
4) creates beliefds & rituals
5) normative order
6) repeat

Front 33

religious "ritual" is

Back 33

face to face interaction; standardized actions; common focus of attention

Front 34

durkheim conclusion of religion in modern society?

Back 34

religion represents the whole of a society; belief in the "sacred" is essence to regulate human desires thru moral values & attache pll to collective thru rituals

Front 35

solution for religion in organic societies?

Back 35

"civil religion" -worship of society

Front 36

marx "dialectical" principle

Back 36

social change is caused bc there are opposite forces in a society that have to overcome conflict from each other

Front 37

marx conception of society

Back 37

substructure (means/relations of production) determines superstructure (institutions: gov't, fam, church & culture: values & beliefs)

Front 38

what formed to substructure of society

Back 38

1) means of production- products
2) relations of production- user economy vs. exchange economy

Front 39

mode of production in a paleolithic economy

Back 39

hunting & gathering (user economy)

Front 40

mode of production in a neolithic economy

Back 40

subsistence agriculture (user economy)

Front 41

what caused the change to ancient slavery societies

Back 41

land & farming led to social classes such as land owners which led to peasant farmers and slaves

Front 42

dialectical process that destroyed slavery & feudalistic socieities

Back 42

land owner elites used militaries to conquer more land; barbarian invasion on the roman empire led to breakup into multiple military kingdoms

Front 43

earliest kinds of capitalistic economies?

Back 43

during feudalism when king sought to increase his wealth; the US colonies

Front 44

marx "hand-manufacturing industries"

Back 44

assembly line production of hand-made goods sold for profit

Front 45

difference between modern capitalism and hand-manufacturing industry

Back 45

modern capitalism has factories, human labor used to operate machines; hand-manu is making hand-made parts of goods

difference is alienation from the product

Front 46

what modern capitalism alienates man from

Back 46

-creative powers
-product

Front 47

false consciousness

Back 47

belief that capitalism benefits the proletariat

Front 48

difference between proletariat and bourgeoisie interestes

Back 48

pro sell their labor to bourg. and bourg. maximize pro. labor

Front 49

result of modern capitalism

Back 49

lower wages, higher profits
-pro. uses wages to purchase necessities from the bourg. so money ends up going back to the bourg.

Front 50

what did marx believe would result from the collapse of capitalism

Back 50

socialism (gov't takes over the means of production)

Front 51

"labor value"

Back 51

wages that must be paid for the pro. to come back to work

Front 52

"labor power"

Back 52

persons ablity to work; bourg. invests in automated machines, increasing the "labor power" of the workers; need fewers workers

Front 53

3 components of the social system, according to weber

Back 53

-social structure (organization)
-culture (values)
-psychological orientations to act (individual motives)

Front 54

what are the elements of power according to weber?

Back 54

class and status

Front 55

status vs. class

Back 55

-class is what kind of life chances you get bc your wealth & economic position
-status is terms of honor and prestige

Front 56

3 ideal types of legitimate authority

Back 56

1) traditional
2) charismatic
3) rational-legal

Front 57

basis of legitimacy in traditional authority

Back 57

-sanctity of age-old traditions
-not challengeable by reason

Front 58

basis of legitimacy in charismatic authority

Back 58

extraordinary personality

Front 59

basis of legitimacy in rational-legal authority

Back 59

legal order and the laws that have been enacted in it

Front 60

routinzation of charisma

Back 60

To keep a movement going after the death of the original founder, however, that charisma must be "routinized," or redirected to the continuing leadership and meaning of the organization

Front 61

4 ideal types of social action according to weber

Back 61

-instrumentally rational (calculated results for actions)
-value-rational (both pursuit & accomplishment)
-affectual (actions determined by emotions)
-traditional (habitual, may not be coscious)

Front 62

rationalization of modern society -weber

Back 62

force that dominated western society limiting creativity & human spirits

Front 63

instrumental rationality of modern society -weber

Back 63

art created to make $; in law, its about winning