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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Line of Demarcation
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imaginary line around earth made in 1493 that gave Portugal all non-Christian land to the east and Spain all non-Christian land to the west
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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moved the Line of Demarcation 800 miles west and allowed claim of South America (Brazil)
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Mercantilism
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an economic system where nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver by establishing a favorable balance of trade
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Amerigo Vespucci
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in 1501 found sea route to Asia, named new continent "America"
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa
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1513- 1st European to reach the Pacific Ocean; also led expeditions through the jungles of Panama
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Fernando Magellan
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1519- Crew were 1st to circumnavigate the world. Magellan died at sea during battle with islanders in Philippines
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Hernando Cortes
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1519-1521- conquered the Aztec empire with 500 men
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Francisco Pizarro
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1531- conquered the Incas with 180 men
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Francisco Vazquez de Coronado
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1540-1542- looked for cities of gold; traveled through Arizona & New Mexico
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Hernando de Soto
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1539-1542- looked for cities of gold; traveled from Flordia throughout South Carolina
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navigator
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person who plans a course of a ship by using instruments to find its position
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Henry the Navigator
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never sailed on a ship to Asia; started school of navigation; led/financed expeditions to explore Atlantic & West Africa
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Caravel
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a ship with triangular and square sails; triangular= sail into wind; square= wind at back
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Dias
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1488- reached southern tip of Africa but returned at urging of the crew; "Cape of Good Hope" had found all water route to Asia
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Vasco de Gama
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1498- crossed Indian Ocean; found all water route to Asia; Portugal didn't want to deal with Muslims or Italians; spice trade now goes through Lisbon, Portugal instead of Italy
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Christopher Columbus
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Thought it would be quicker to go west to Asia; Marco Polo & Paolo Toscanelli wrong about size of earth; couldn't get money from Portugal so went to rival- Spain; Had 3 ships- Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria; set sail 8/3/1492 with enough food & supplies for 1 year; N&P 70 feet long, SM little longer; landed in 10/12/1492 believed to be East Indies off coast of India; Taino=Indians; 3x in 10 yrs looking for Asia
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conquistador
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a Spanard who traveled to the Americas as an explorer & conquerer
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Montezuma
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last Aztec emperor
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John Cabot
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1497- landed in area of Newfoundland, Canada; thought was Asia- claimed for England; went again to try to reach Japan- never seen again
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Giovanni da Verrazano
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1524- hired by French to fin Northwest Passage; Explored North Carolina to Nova Scotia
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Jacques Cartier
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1534-1541 (3x)- looking for Northwest Passage; explored St. Lawrence River; rapids blocked way; explored Canada- claimed for French; Spain angered by French/English claims in North America
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Spain vs. France
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French Protestants founded colony in Florida; Spain built St. Augustine -massacred French
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Sir Francis Drake
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most famous sea dog- 1577- 3 yr voyage; raided ports & ships, stole great amounts of treasure from Spain; National Hero- 1st Englishman to sail around the world
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Spain vs. England
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Challenge Naval Power- English ships smaller & quicker, Spanish ships bigger & slower; Spanish king set out Spanish Armada to conquer England & restore Cathlicism to nation; fought in English channel- Spain retreated & hit by severe storm- 1/2 of ships destroyed; English Victory
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Samuel de Champlain
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1608- founded a fur trading post in (New France) Quebec, Canada; 1st permanent French settlement in North America; opened rich trade with Natives
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The Dutch
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settled in Hudson River Valley; 1614- Fort Nassau (Albany)
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Peter Minuit
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bought Manhattan Island for $24 in traded goods from Natives; worth trillions of dollars today
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Spanish Province
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Spain formed colonies to govern land/people of empire
New Spain- Mexico City Peru-Lima each province a viceroyalty- top official- viceroy; ruled in king's name |
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Spanish Social Classes
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1. Spanish
2. Crede (Spanish people born in colonies) 3. Mestizos (Spanish/Native American) 4. Native Americans/African Slaves |
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Spanish Mission
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church, town, & farmland; goal- to convert Natives to Christianity
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Encomienda
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grant of Native American labor
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Haciendas (Plantations)
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large farms that raised cash crops; Native Americans worked in fields & mines as slaves; given food, shelter, clothing & Christianity; most Natives died because of overworked & European diseases; Africans were:
1. Immune to European diseases 2. No friends/family in America to help them resist or escape 3. Permanent source of cheap labor 4. Had worked on farms in Africa |
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Slavery
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practice of holding a person in bondage for labor
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African Diaspora
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scattering of African people outside their homeland; 12 million shipped to Western Hemisphere; voyage known as "Middle Passage"- about 2 million died
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Racism
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belief that some people are inferior because of race
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Columbian Exchange
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movement of living things between hemispheres; East to West- Smallpox, measles, influenza, cattle, pigs, horses, grapes, onions, wheat; West to East- corn, potatoes
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