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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a welfare state?
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"cradle to grave" approach: government ensures all have minimum welfare, while people contribute to a national fund.
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Why was Britain a welfare state?
Why was the NHS so popular? |
Britain was left devastated after WWII. The welfare system started to rebuild lives.
The NHS was popular as it provided free healthcare to all. |
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When the NHS was implemented in 1948, what happened to it in the end? (negatively)
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The demand was too high. Combined with doctors who didn't care about cost, the country became unable to meet these demands. Hence a small fee (By 1951) was introduced rather than it being free.
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The government made changes to the NHS to ___ (3 reasons)
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Manage government spending
Increase efficiency Provide quality service |
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How did the British government manage government spending? (2)
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Under welfare system, gv expected to make benefits such as healthcare available to everyone free of charge. Money for healthcare comes from the people.
-Means if healthcare increase, taxes increases. In 1980s, gv under Margaret Thatcher tried to manage NHS better by cutting back gv spending on welfare benefits. |
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How did the British government increase the efficiency of the NHS? (2)
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Privatisation: to hire private companies to provide non-medical services. This provided more choices for patients, increases efficiency(as private companies would reduce costs to maximise profits), reduced subsidies and generally saved on costs.
Small fee for NHS: Medicine, dental treatment and services provided by opticians no longer free. Encouraged self-responsibility (this was waived for a few groups- under 19, expectant mothers, mothers with child<1) |
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How did the British government provide quality services for the NHS?
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NHS Plan in 2000, which made changes based on feedback from staff and patients. Reduce waiting time - allow NHS to use private hospitals' facilities without having the patient pay for it.
Under NHS Improvement Plan - NHS Direct introduced. Service providing medical advice over the phone to patients with minor illnesses so they can save a visit to doctor. Reduces strain on resources of the NHS as doctors would not have to attend to too many patients. |
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1. How were the British satisfied with the NHS? (3)
2. How were the British not satisfied with the NHS? |
1. National identity; no cost = security; they thought that the gov was making improvements
2. They thought that there had been no improvement to the NHS. They thought standards were poor within NHS. |
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Give a brief history of Singapore's healthcare system (60s, 70s)
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60s: Basic healthcare - schools, clearing of overcrowded areas, vaccinations, hospitals and clinics, but infectious diseases (TB) spread easily
70s - Singapore economy improved= better standard of living = better healthcare = better general quality of healthcare services |
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NATIONAL HEALTH PLAN
Describe individual efforts involved in the NHP (2) |
Encourage self-reliance
Maintaining good health |
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NATIONAL HEALTH PLAN- INDIV
How is self-reliance encouraged? (2) |
Medisave(1984): Portion of Central Provident Fund (CPF) is channelled into Medisave. Can be used to pay hospital bills and miscellaneous treatment. This lightens the government's burden, taxes not raised
MediShield: National healthcare insurance scheme to pay larger bills Medisave does not cover and such as long-term hospitalisation or treatment of serious illness e.g. dialysis. |
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NATIONAL HEALTH PLAN
Describe government efforts involved in the NHP (2) |
Providing affordable healthcare
Promoting healthy lifestyle (this ties in with community achievements) |
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NATIONAL HEALTH PLAN - GOV
How does the government provide affordable healthcare? (4) |
Government subsidies: make basic healthcare available, ensure healthcare remains affordable for most Singaporeans esp. lower income groups, Higher subsidy rates for low-class wards
Medifund: For those who despite Ms,MS,gs still can't cope with medical expenses, like low income people or those with no CPF (meaning no Medisave) Restructure hospitals: Hospitals have freedom to reorganise to meet people's needs; government can reduce subsidies Means-testing: Distribute subsidies to those who need them most by checking person's ability to pay. Those who cannot afford to pay for healthcare get the most subsidies. Those who are more well-to-do would benefit less from subsidies. |
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Promoting healthy lifestyle?
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Adopting healthy lifestyle helps cope with rising cost of healthcare for both gov. and indv. . If a person is in good health, he will not need medical treatment and the person can save on medical expenses.
Schools and workplaces have programmes to emphasise the need to maintain good health. E.g. regular physical exercises and well-balanced diet encourraged. Health Promotion Board often organises activities to promote healthy lifestyle such as group exercises. (My own bullsh*t) |
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NATIONAL HEALTH PLAN
Describe the efforts of the community (with the gov) |
Government cannot provide all healthcare services.The community provides some healthcare and support services; the government works with voluntary welfare or private organisations (giving them grants) so that they can take on additional health services e.g. specific illnesses and further care for the discharged.
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NATIONAL HEALTH PLAN
Who is disadvantaged by the NHP? (2) |
Elderly - could not save for healthcare when they were earning an income. Have to depend on family, community and gv.(no CPF, no Medisave)
Unemployed (unable to work) [Unable to work means no Medisave or Medishield] Have to depend on government. |
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FYI Singapore percentage spending on healthcare of government expenditure (2004) = 5.9%
Britain " (2005) = 15.8% |
FYI Singapore percentage spending on healthcare of government expenditure (2004) = 5.9%
Britain " (2005) = 15.8% |
