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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Spoils system

is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the part

tariff

a tax on imports or exports

mudslinging

the use of insults and accusations, especially unjust ones, with the aim of damaging the reputation of an opponent.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic,

Mexican Cession

a historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848,

Gadsden purchase

or Treaty, was an agreement between the United States and Mexico, finalized in 1854

temperance

means restraint and moderation

abolitionist

a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery

Underground Railroad

a network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century enslaved people of African descent in the United States

suffrage

the right to vote in political elections

telegraph

a system for transmitting messages from a distance along a wire, especially one creating signals by making and breaking an electrical connection

trade unions

another term for labor union.

prejudice

preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

discrimination

the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex

nativists

a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants

latitude

Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run east–west as circles parallel to the equator.

longitude

ongitude to specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth.

Protestant Reformation

the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe,

quaker

A member of the Religious Society of Friends

cash crops

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower.

constitution

a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

Constitution

The fundamental law of the United States, drafted in Philadelphia in 1787

republic

a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

depression

A period of drastic decline in the national economy, characterized by decreasing business activity, falling prices, and unemployment

federalism

the federal principle or system of government

cabinet

a body of advisers to the president, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government

capitalism

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

partisan

a member of an armed group formed to fight secretly against an occupying force, in particular one operating in enemy-occupied Yugoslavia, Italy, and parts of eastern Europe in World War II

laissez-faire

abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market.

patent

a government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.