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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are three reasons for conflict?
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Territory
Scarce Resources Ideology |
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Why fight over territory? Give an example of conflict over territory.
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Loss of territory = sovereignty, defence, pride, expansion etc...
India-China border conflict: No clear border in the Himalayas (points of contention being the Aksai Chin plateau, North East Frontier Agency) - India wanted definite boundary, China didn't and built a road on the plateau which India said violated territorial rights. Fighting broke out - led to Sino-Indian War in 1962 |
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Why fight over scarce resources? Give an example.
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Some countries naturally have more resources than others. If a country needs resources for survival and econ growth, they will take it. By force.
Iceland Fish War: Iceland scared of fish shortage (due to Euro countries overfishing) and controlled fishing grounds to British can't fish. Protests and fighting: Iceland Fish war. End of diplomatic ties in February '76 but agreement reached later; limited fishing till six months later, then no Brit fishing |
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Why fight over ideology?
Give an example. |
When one's belief/world view is threatened, they fight.
Korean War: DPRK (USSR) v RoK (USA), comm v cap. NK invaded SK, US&UN pushed them back past 38th parallel, nearing China, China warned them to stay off or they'd fight, but they did and China joined NK and pushed them away, agreement to stop fighting, demilitarised zone. |
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What is deterrence?
How does Singapore practice deterrence? (6) |
Measures taken to prevent and protect oneself from threats and discourage potential aggressors.
Total Defence 3rd Gen SAF Citizen armed forces Multi-agency coord of security Cooperation with other countries Defence Industry |
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What are the five aspects of Total Defence? Elaborate. How does it deter aggressors?
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Military Defence - Deter aggression, be ready, meet challenges
Social Defence - harmony, helping each other: IRCCs, CDCs, HCs: strengthen social ties Psychological: loyalty, pride, will, strength: SARS - ordinary people help to overcome Economic: strong warproof econ., relevant skills - S'pore Workforce Dvlpmt Agency: helps upgrade skills to ensure companies' competitiveness Civil: Knowing what to do, vigilance: New World hotel collapsed, S'poreans helped rescue and clear rubble Aggressors will know/have to face an entire nation |
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Explain how a 3rd Gen SAF helps deter aggressors.
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Technological developments to maximise defence capabilties for soldiers to fight decisively and respond flexibly, and intelligent defence force to operate surveillance and strike systems of Air Force, Navy and Army together seamlessly for early intelligence.
SAF will be able to deal with enemies due to communication |
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Explain how a Citizen Armed Force deters aggressors.
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No manpower or money to get professional army. NS in 1967 - bonding: patriotism, loyalty and destiny - all men operationally-ready NS men
S'pore has loyal citizens willing to sacrifice lives for country, hence deter aggressors |
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Explain how S'pore's defence industry helps deter aggressors.
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Building up defence industry helps to improve technology for defence which is relevant and suitable for maximum efficiency, and also allows S'pore to be self-reliant for technology.
E.g. (Singapore Technologies Engineering, SembCorp Industries and) Defence Science and Tech Agency to provide cost-effective and modern tech (buy, upgrade, development, research) Own tech = powerful defence, others may not be aware of what we are capable of |
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How does multi-agency coordination on security deter aggressors?
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National Security Coordination Secretariat coordinates work of various government as well as private agencies to strengthen effectiveness by sharing intelligence and resources.
Different Ministries communicate and share data, able to respond very quickly to every threat |
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How does military co-operating with other countries?
- Bilateral - Multi-lateral |
Bilateral: Train with neighbours to increase co-operation and ties (e.g. S'pore trains in France, Aus, NZ and India; regular training w M'lysia and Indo)
Multilateral: Five Power Defence Agreements (S'pore, Mly, UK, Aus, NZ) - countries conduct exercises (to enhance co-op and coord) and strategise together (against external threat) Hence Singapore has support from other countries; can deter |
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What is diplomacy?
What three types of diplomatic relations does Singapore have? |
Way in which countries manage or conduct relationships with each other. Helps to build relations and settle conflicts and disputes.
Bilateral, Regional (ASEAN), International (UN) |
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How do bilateral relations help S'pore? (3 + 1)
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Trading relationships: acquire technology from Japan, US and Germany
Humanitarian = world respect: Vietnam, Nepal, Indonesia (Aceh earthquake) Promote pol, econ, cultural ties with neighbouring countries like Mly and Indo = speed up econ and social development Friendly ties = build relations = peaceful conflict resos |
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How do regional relationships help Singapore?
3 aims, five initiatives Link: How does this help diplomatically? Why is regional better for Singapore? Why is it not? |
ASEAN '67
Aims: Promote region dvlpmt, peace and stability, resolve differences peacefully (Members: Indo, Mlysia, Philippines, S'pore, Thai; Brunei, Viet, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia joined later) Initiatives: ASEAN Free Trade Area (remove import tax) Regional Forum (dialogue: pol and sec issues) S'pore: Edu and prof exchange; Econ coop and assistance Env. collaboration (Indo forest fires, haze) Platform for conflict resolution, with other countries to mediate. Issues are relevant to S'pore and s'pore generally plays a bigger part. Not: Drain on resources, sometimes ineffective (ASEAN scholars do not draw in talent) |
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How do international relationships help Singapore?
Three purposes of the UN Singapore and the UN? (5) Link Benefits: (3) Non-benefits (5) |
United Nations: peacemaking, peacekeeping, humanitarian help
(Organisation: SC, GA, ECOSOC, Int. Court of Justice, Secretariat) S'pore is the 115th member Membership pretty much approves S'pore's sovereignty Helped in UN Law of Sea Conf. SC member 2001 - 2002 Helps in peacekeeping (Indo UN centre for relief aid) Benefits: Safety (help to S'pore) e.g. nuclear non-proliferation and power of SANCTIONS Global platform for opinions Humanitarian recognition Non-benefits: have to toe the line not to offend B5, peacekeeping forces sometimes commit acts like rape Aid drains resources, MDG unachievable, veto power |
