Social Studies Ch. 5

Front 1

Myths

Back 1

Traditional stories that describe gods and heroes.

Front 2

Zeus

Back 2

The chief god of the Greeks.

Front 3

The Greeks believed that when people died they went to a gloomyworld beneath the earth that was ruled over by a god named_____

Back 3

Hades

Front 4

_______ helped express the religious beliefs of the Greeks and helped explainnatural events.

Back 4

Mythology

Front 5

_________is the highest mountain in Greece, and it was the place whereGreeks believed the gods lived.

Back 5

Mount Olympus

Front 6

Prophecy

Back 6

A prediction about the future.

Front 7

Oracle

Back 7

A sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god orgoddess.

Front 8

Delphi

Back 8

Location of the most famous oracle in Greece.

Front 9

Epics

Back 9

Long poems that told about heroic deeds. The earliest Greek stories.

Front 10

Homer

Back 10

Greek poet who wrote the epics Iliadand Odyssey during the 700s BC

Front 11

The Iliad and Odyssey were based on

Back 11

stories about a war between Greece and Troy. (The Trojan War)

Front 12

Aesop

Back 12

Greek slave who made up famous fables that would end with amessage or moral.

Front 13

Fable

Back 13

A short tale that teaches a lesson and ends with a message or moral. In most fablesanimals talk and act like people.

Front 14

Drama

Back 14

A story told by actors who pretend to be characters in thestory.

Front 15

Tragedy

Back 15

A drama where a person struggles to overcome difficulties butfails.

Front 16

Comedy

Back 16

A drama that has a happy ending.

Front 17

Philosophers

Back 17

Greek thinkers who believed that the human mind could understandanything. (Pondered questions about life)

Front 18

Philosophers

Back 18

Greek thinkers who believed that the human mind could understandanything. (Pondered questions about life)

Front 19

Greek philosophy would lead to the study of______

Back 19

history, political science, science, and math.

Front 20

Sophists

Back 20

Professional teachers who traveled from city to city teachingothers.

Front 21

Sophists did not believe that______

Back 21

the gods and goddesses influenced people. They also rejected the idea ofabsolute right and wrong

Front 22

Socrates

Back 22

Athenian sculptor whose true love was philosophy. He believedthat an absolute truth existed that all real knowledge was within each person.

Front 23

Socratic method

Back 23

Method of asking questions to force pupils to use theirreasoning and to see things for themselves.

Front 24

SocratesThe Athenian leaders accused the _____ of misleading the youth and teaching the to rebel against thestate. He would be brought to trial.

Back 24

The Athenian leaders accused the _____ of misleading the youth and teaching the to rebel against the state. He would be brought to trial.

Front 25

Socrates

Back 25

was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was forced to drinkpoison to carry out the sentence.

Front 26

Plato

Back 26

One of Socrates’ students. He rejected the idea of democracy asa government. He would open school in Athensknown as the Academy.

Front 27

Republic

Back 27

was a book written by Plato. It describes Plato’s ideas aboutgovernment.

Front 28

Plato did not think that____

Back 28

rule by the people produced fair and sensible policies. Hebelieved that philosophers and kings should rule society.

Front 29

Aristotle

Back 29

One of Plato’s best students. He would open his own school knownas the Lyceum where he taught the “golden mean”.

Front 30

golden mean

Back 30

was the idea that a person should do nothing in excess.

Front 31

Herodotus

Back 31

Greek historian who wrote Historyof the Persian Wars. He tried to separate fact fromlegend. Considered the “father of history”

Front 32

Thucydides

Back 32

Considered by many to be the greatest historian of the ancientworld. He wrote History of thePeloponnesian War.

Front 33

Macedonia was a_____

Back 33

area north of Greece that had become a powerful kingdom by the 400s B.C. They werewarriors that fought well on horseback.

Front 34

Philip II ____

Back 34

became king of Macedonia in 359 BC. He had lived in Greece as ayoung man and admired their art,ideas, and armies.

Front 35

Philip II wanted____

Back 35

to unite the Greek city-states with his kingdom so that he wouldbe strong enough to defeat thePersian Empire.

Front 36

The Peloponnesian War___

Back 36

had left the Greek city-states weak and divided. Population had declined and many youngGreeks had left to join the Persian army.

Front 37

The Battle of Chaeronea is were_____

Back 37

Philip II crushed the Greek allies giving him control of most of Greece. (PhilipII would be murdered before he could invade the Persian Empire)`

Front 38

Alexander was______

Back 38

the son of Philip II. He became king at age 20 after his fatherwas murdered. Alexanderwould carry on the invasion of Persia that his father had started.

Front 39

In 334 BC

Back 39

Alexander led an invasion of Asia Minor with 37,000 Macedonianand Greek foot soldiers. They wereable to destroy the local Persian forces.

Front 40

By 332 BC

Back 40

Alexander had conquered Syria and Egypt. In Egypt he would buildthe city of Alexandria.

Front 41

Alexandria became_____

Back 41

the center of business and trade. It was one of the most importantcities of the ancient world.

Front 42

In 326 BC

Back 42

Alexander crossed the Indus River into India where he foughtmany bloody battles. His soldierswere weary of continuous war and refused to go any farther. Alexander agreed to lead them home.

Front 43

In 323 BC

Back 43

Alexander came down with a bad fever from wounds he had sufferedin battle. After ten days he diedat the age of 32.

Front 44

Today we know him as___

Back 44

Alexander the Great, because of his reputation as a leader and warrior.

Front 45

Alexander would____

(his legacy)

Back 45

extend Greek and Macedonian rule over a vast area and spreadGreek art, ideas, language,and architecture. He would also bring ideas back from Asia & Africa.

Front 46

Hellenistic

Back 46

refers to the spread of Greek language and ideas to thenon-Greek people of southwest Asia.

Front 47

After the death of Alexander_____

Back 47

his generals fought each other for control and the empire he had built fell apart.Four separate kingdoms took its place.

Front 48

The Library at Alexandria

Back 48

held more than 500,000 scrolls that were useful in the study of literature andlanguage.

Front 49

During the Hellenistic era

Back 49

new cities were being founded and old ones were being rebuilt. Kings wanted their citesto be like the cultural centers of Greece.

Front 50

Epicureanism

Back 50

was a philosophy founded by Epicurus. It taught that happinesswas the goal of life and to not worry about things

Front 51

Stoicism

Back 51

was a philosophy developed by a Phoenician named Zeno. He taughtthat happiness came fromreason, not emotion, and doing one’s duty.

Front 52

Aristarchus

Back 52

was an astronomer who claimed that the sun was the center of theuniverse and that the Earth circledthe sun. At this time his ideas were rejected.

Front 53

Eratosthenes

Back 53

was an astronomer in charge of the Library at Alexandria. Heconcluded that the Earth was round. Healso measured the distance around the Earth, its distance from the the sun and from themoon.

Front 54

Euclid

Back 54

is Greek’s most famous mathematician. He wrote the book Elements which describes plane geometry.

Front 55

Plane geometry

Back 55

is a branch of mathematics that shows how points, lines, angles,and surfaces relate to oneanother.

Front 56

Archimedes

Back 56

was the most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Era. He workedon solid geometry and figured outthe value of pi.

Front 57

Solid geometry

Back 57

is the study of spheres and cylinders.

Front 58

To defend the city of Syracuse, _____

Back 58

Archimedes designed catapults that hurled arrows, spears, and rocks at the enemy.