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166 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Social Studies
Various aspects or branches of the study of human society, considered as an educational discipline.
Various aspects or branches of the study of human society, considered as an educational discipline.
Civilization
An advanced state of development n a human society.
An advanced state of development n a human society.
Dynasty
A succession of rulers from the same family; the period of time during which they ruled.
A succession of rulers from the same family; the period of time during which they ruled.
Steppes
A vast, treeless plain of Europe or Asia.
A vast, treeless plain of Europe or Asia.
Loess
Packed silt that was deposited by glaciers.
Packed silt that was deposited by glaciers.
Silt
Fine dust which can be suspended in water.
Fine dust which can be suspended in water.
Political Map
This map shows political borders and the names of towns and cities.
This map shows political borders and the names of towns and cities.
Physical or Topographical Map
This map shows the elevations and features such as rivers.
This map shows the elevations and features such as rivers.
Thematic Map
This map displays information for a special purpose. These could be population distributing maps, or maps showing levels of pollution.
This map displays information for a special purpose. These could be population distributing maps, or maps showing levels of pollution.
Historic Map
This map is a thematic map that teaches about the past. It could show the boundaries of an ancient dynasty.
This map is a thematic map that teaches about the past. It could show the boundaries of an ancient dynasty.
Society
A community with agreed upon customs and organization.
A community with agreed upon customs and organization.
Noble
A person who receives a high rank in society because of the family they were born into; often the head of a clan.
A person who receives a high rank in society because of the family they were born into; often the head of a clan.
Clan
A group of people who are descended from the same ancestor.
A group of people who are descended from the same ancestor.
Surplus
What is left over after requirements are met (for example, extra crops left over after a farming family meets its needs).
What is left over after requirements are met (for example, extra crops left over after a farming family meets its needs).
Thatch
Straw or reeds.
Straw or reeds.
Dike
A construction made to hold back water.
A construction made to hold back water.
Silk
A delicate cloth made from the strands of silk spun by silkworms to make their cocoons.
A delicate cloth made from the strands of silk spun by silkworms to make their cocoons.
Appease
To soothe or calm; to please.
To soothe or calm; to please.
Animism
The belief that natural things, such as trees, rocks, rivers, stars, and specific locations have a spiritual existence as well as a physical one.
The belief that natural things, such as trees, rocks, rivers, stars, and specific locations have a spiritual existence as well as a physical one.
Mandate of Heaven
The idea that a ruler has the support of the gods as long as he rules correctly.
The idea that a ruler has the support of the gods as long as he rules correctly.
Despot
A person in authority who acts like a tyrant.
A person in authority who acts like a tyrant.
Harmony
Peaceful co-existence.
Peaceful co-existence.
Philosopher
Someone who seeks wisdom about existence and reality.
Someone who seeks wisdom about existence and reality.
Confucianism
The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his followers.
The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his followers.
Moral
Abiding by a set of rulers about right and wrong conduct.
Abiding by a set of rulers about right and wrong conduct.
Ethical
Making right choices.
Making right choices.
Exile
Being forced to live far away from one's community or country.
Being forced to live far away from one's community or country.
Treason
Betrayal of one's country or ruler.
Betrayal of one's country or ruler.
Alchemist
An early chemist whose methods would now be considered scientifically unsound.
An early chemist whose methods would now be considered scientifically unsound.
Immortality
Endless life.
Endless life.
Mercury
A silver-white metal that is liquid at room temperature.
A silver-white metal that is liquid at room temperature.
Metallurgy
The science of producing and purifying metals.
The science of producing and purifying metals.
Enlightenment
Being awake to a great reality, which most people never achieve.
Being awake to a great reality, which most people never achieve.
Meditation
The act of calming and emptying the mind.
The act of calming and emptying the mind.
Monastery
A community of people devoted to a religious life.
A community of people devoted to a religious life.
Nirvana
In Buddhism, a state completely free from suffering and worldly concerns.
In Buddhism, a state completely free from suffering and worldly concerns.
Central Government
A government concerned with areas that affect an entire nation or empire, such as defence, taxes and the economy.
A government concerned with areas that affect an entire nation or empire, such as defence, taxes and the economy.
Redistribute
To reassign ownership.
To reassign ownership.
Taxes
Mandatory fees paid to government.
Mandatory fees paid to government.
Public Works
Major construction projects owned by the government.
Major construction projects owned by the government.
Conscripted Workers
People forced to become labourers by government.
People forced to become labourers by government.
Autocratic
Describing a ruler or government with absolute power, even over life and death.
Describing a ruler or government with absolute power, even over life and death.
Cosmopolitan
Worldly; global; not bound by one's own culture.
Worldly; global; not bound by one's own culture.
Tributary State
A country forced to make regular payments to a more powerful country in exchange for peace or protection.
A country forced to make regular payments to a more powerful country in exchange for peace or protection.
Polo
A game played by two teams on horseback; players use a mallet to hit a ball into the opposing team' s net.
A game played by two teams on horseback; players use a mallet to hit a ball into the opposing team' s net.
Regent
A person who rules for a monarch who is too young, sick, or old to do so.
A person who rules for a monarch who is too young, sick, or old to do so.
Depose
To remove from power; to dethrone.
To remove from power; to dethrone.
Illiterate
Unable to read or write.
Unable to read or write.
Calligraphy
A disciplined and artistic method of writing using ink and a brush.
A disciplined and artistic method of writing using ink and a brush.
Germanic People
One of the European peoples that spoke a Germanic languages; for example, the Teutones, Visigoths, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Franks, or Ostrogoths.
One of the European peoples that spoke a Germanic languages; for example, the Teutones, Visigoths, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Franks, or Ostrogoths.
Philosophy
The pursuit of wisdom through reason.
The pursuit of wisdom through reason.
Architecture
The art and science of designing buildings.
The art and science of designing buildings.
Aqueduct
An artificial channel for conveying water, often in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns.
An artificial channel for conveying water, often in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns.
Roman legions
Roman armed forces.
Roman armed forces.
Latin
The language of the Roman; during the Middle Ages, Latin was was a common language for educated Europeans.
The language of the Roman; during the Middle Ages, Latin was was a common language for educated Europeans.
Pax Romana
Latin phrase meaning "Roman peace"; the long period in which Europeans lived under Roman law without conflict.
Latin phrase meaning "Roman peace"; the long period in which Europeans lived under Roman law without conflict.
Perspective
The collective point of view of a specific group.
The collective point of view of a specific group.
Plunder
To steal by force, especially during war.
To steal by force, especially during war.
Barbarian
Originally, a non-Roman person; it later came to mean "an uncultured person" - an insult.
Originally, a non-Roman person; it later came to mean "an uncultured person" - an insult.
Celtic Peoples
A western European culture, including the Scottish, Irish, Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons.
A western European culture, including the Scottish, Irish, Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons.
Social Class
The group that one belongs to in a society; it can be determined by money, role in society, or parentage.
The group that one belongs to in a society; it can be determined by money, role in society, or parentage.
Wergild
A value placed on every person or piece of property within the Salic Code.
A value placed on every person or piece of property within the Salic Code.
Christianity
The Christian religion, which in modern times includes the Catholic and Protestant churches, among others.
The Christian religion, which in modern times includes the Catholic and Protestant churches, among others.
Counterfeiter
A person who makes illegal copies.
A person who makes illegal copies.
Renaissance
A rebirth or revival, especially of the arts.
A rebirth or revival, especially of the arts.
Epic
A long poem or story telling about heroic deeds and events.
A long poem or story telling about heroic deeds and events.
Barter
To trade goods and services instead of paying with money
To trade goods and services instead of paying with money
Prosperous
Thriving
Thriving
Fjord
A long, narrow, salt-water bay with high cliffs along its sides.
A long, narrow, salt-water bay with high cliffs along its sides.
Skald
A Scandinavian poet who recited poems at gatherings.
A Scandinavian poet who recited poems at gatherings.
Polytheistic
Believing in multiple gods and goddesses.
Believing in multiple gods and goddesses.
Pagan
Usually understood to refer to the polytheistic religions of the Greeks, Romans, and Germanic peoples.
Usually understood to refer to the polytheistic religions of the Greeks, Romans, and Germanic peoples.
Monotheistic
Believing in a single god.
Believing in a single god.
Islam
The religion of the Muslims
The religion of the Muslims
Judaism
The religion of the Jews
The religion of the Jews
Convenant
A solemn agreement
A solemn agreement
Patriarch
A founding father
A founding father
Synagogue
A place of Jewish worship
A place of Jewish worship
Rabbi
Jewish religious leader or teacher
Jewish religious leader or teacher
Diaspora
The scattering of Jews across Europe; also refers to Jewish populations outside Israel.
The scattering of Jews across Europe; also refers to Jewish populations outside Israel.
Persecute
To attack people because of their ethnicity or beliefs.
To attack people because of their ethnicity or beliefs.
Crucifixion
Execution on a cross
Execution on a cross
Interest
A charge for a loan, usually a percentage of the amount loaned.
A charge for a loan, usually a percentage of the amount loaned.
Koran (Qur'an)
the holy book of Islam
the holy book of Islam
Apostle
one of the 12 disciples, or supporters, of Jesus.
one of the 12 disciples, or supporters, of Jesus.
Revolutionary
Causing drastic change
Causing drastic change
Martyr
one who accepts death rather than reject his or her religious beliefs.
one who accepts death rather than reject his or her religious beliefs.
Missionary
A person sent by a church to convert people.
A person sent by a church to convert people.
Monastic Class
The community of monks living in monasteries.
The community of monks living in monasteries.
Fief
An estate granted to a lord in exchange for loyalty and service.
An estate granted to a lord in exchange for loyalty and service.
Feudalism
Legal and military customs that ordered society in medieval Europe.
Legal and military customs that ordered society in medieval Europe.
Contract
A formal agreement
A formal agreement
Vassal
A landholder who is subordinate to another.
A landholder who is subordinate to another.
Relic
A bone or fragment of clothing associated with a saint
A bone or fragment of clothing associated with a saint
Lord of the Manor
The tenant of a noble, who has the inherited right to run a manor and profit from it.
The tenant of a noble, who has the inherited right to run a manor and profit from it.
Serf
Peasant who worked the land for the lord.
Peasant who worked the land for the lord.
Freeholder
A person who owns the land worked
A person who owns the land worked
Obligation
Duty, responsibility
Duty, responsibility
Tenant-in-chief
Baron, a king's vassal
Baron, a king's vassal
Self-sufficient
Independent
Independent
Fletch
The process of fitting feathers on arrows.
The process of fitting feathers on arrows.
Ward
An orphan who is put in another person's care until he or she becomes an adult.
An orphan who is put in another person's care until he or she becomes an adult.
Excommunicate
To cancel a person's membership in the Church; an excommunicated person could no longer participate in religious ceremonies such as marriage.
To cancel a person's membership in the Church; an excommunicated person could no longer participate in religious ceremonies such as marriage.
Tithe
Money or crops given to the Church, worth about one-tenth of a person's income.
Money or crops given to the Church, worth about one-tenth of a person's income.
Religious Orders
A group of men or women who make a solemn promise to live under certain religious rules.
A group of men or women who make a solemn promise to live under certain religious rules.
Chastity
Virtue; modesty; doing without sex
Virtue; modesty; doing without sex
Illuminate
The process of adding elaborate decoration and illustrations to a manuscript.
The process of adding elaborate decoration and illustrations to a manuscript.
Sentence
Punishment given by a court to someone found guilty of a crime.
Punishment given by a court to someone found guilty of a crime.
Ordeal
Dreadful experience
Dreadful experience
Stocks
A wooden frame with holes for confining the ankles and wrists, used for punishment.
A wooden frame with holes for confining the ankles and wrists, used for punishment.
Blasphemy
Using God's name wrongly, as an insult or curse.
Using God's name wrongly, as an insult or curse.
Heresy
Any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, such as those of the Church.
Any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, such as those of the Church.
Interdict
An official act of the Catholic Church that keeps a person a group of people from participating in religious ceremonies.
An official act of the Catholic Church that keeps a person a group of people from participating in religious ceremonies.
Canonize
To declare that a person is a saint
To declare that a person is a saint
Shrine
A place of worship associated with a saint
A place of worship associated with a saint
Worldview
A collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or society.
A collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or society.
Crusades
Military expeditions made by Europeans to gain control of the Holy Land.
Military expeditions made by Europeans to gain control of the Holy Land.
Sacred
Holy, important to a religion
Holy, important to a religion
Apprentice
A person learning a trade by working for a master.
A person learning a trade by working for a master.
Master
A person recognized by a his or her guild as skilled in a particular trade
A person recognized by a his or her guild as skilled in a particular trade
Journeyman
A person who has served an apprenticeship and works in a trade under supervision by a master
A person who has served an apprenticeship and works in a trade under supervision by a master
Pageant
An elaborate entertainment displaying scenes from history
An elaborate entertainment displaying scenes from history
Bear Baiting
A public spectacle in which dogs torment a chained bear
A public spectacle in which dogs torment a chained bear
Parish
A small church district with its own church and priest
A small church district with its own church and priest
Tutor
A private teacher
A private teacher
Town Charter
A document authorizing a town to form its own city council to regulate certain aspects of city life
A document authorizing a town to form its own city council to regulate certain aspects of city life
Fortification
A building designed for defence, such as a fort or castle
A building designed for defence, such as a fort or castle
Siege
When an army attempts to capture a fortified place by surrounding it and cutting off supplies
When an army attempts to capture a fortified place by surrounding it and cutting off supplies
Chivalry
Th qualities of behaviour expected of a knight, such as honour, courtesy, and courage
Th qualities of behaviour expected of a knight, such as honour, courtesy, and courage
Jousting
Two knights on horseback, each trying to knock the other off with his lance
Two knights on horseback, each trying to knock the other off with his lance
Truce
A period of time in a war during which all the warring parties agree to stop fighting
A period of time in a war during which all the warring parties agree to stop fighting
Dauphin
The eldest son of the French king
The eldest son of the French king
Ecclesiastical
Religious
Religious
Artillery
Large guns such as cannons
Large guns such as cannons
Bubonic Plague
A highly contagious, usually fatal disease
A highly contagious, usually fatal disease
Flagellants
Religious people who whip themselves in public
Religious people who whip themselves in public
Poll Tax
A standard tax collected from every person
A standard tax collected from every person
Revolt
An uprising against government authority; a rebellion
An uprising against government authority; a rebellion
Pilgrimage
A journey to a sacred place or shrine
A journey to a sacred place or shrine
Architect
A person who designs buildings
A person who designs buildings
Flying buttress
An arch built against a wall to help support it
An arch built against a wall to help support it
Gothic
A type of architecture featuring steep roofs and pointed arches
A type of architecture featuring steep roofs and pointed arches
Salvation
Deliverance from sin or harm
Deliverance from sin or harm
Conscience
An inner sense of what is right or wrong
An inner sense of what is right or wrong
Reason
The ability to think and draw conclusions
The ability to think and draw conclusions
City State
A politically independent city and the rural area around it. City states have their own government and armed forces
A politically independent city and the rural area around it. City states have their own government and armed forces
Philosopher
Someone who seeks wisdom about existence and reality
Someone who seeks wisdom about existence and reality
Classical
Referring to the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome
Referring to the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome
Patron
A person who provides financial support for the arts
A person who provides financial support for the arts
Humanist
Related to humanism, a system of though that centres on humans and their values, capacities, and worth.
Related to humanism, a system of though that centres on humans and their values, capacities, and worth.
Accordance
Agreement
Agreement
Renaissance Man
A term traditionally used to describe a person skilled in many areas
A term traditionally used to describe a person skilled in many areas
Cardinal
A dignitary of the Catholic Church and an adviser to its leader, the pope.
A dignitary of the Catholic Church and an adviser to its leader, the pope.
Dominican
A Catholic religious order
A Catholic religious order
Human Anatomy
The science of the structure of the human body
The science of the structure of the human body
Scientific Revolution
Changes in thought and beliefs that occurred in Europe around 1550 -1700, beginning with the assertion by Nicolas Copernicus that the planets revolved around the sun.
Changes in thought and beliefs that occurred in Europe around 1550 -1700, beginning with the assertion by Nicolas Copernicus that the planets revolved around the sun.
Recant
To publicly withdraw, or take back a statement one has made
To publicly withdraw, or take back a statement one has made
Catholic
Comes from a Greek phrase meaning "universal"
Comes from a Greek phrase meaning "universal"
Empire
A group of states ruled by a single monarch
A group of states ruled by a single monarch
Reformation
A 16th-century movement in Western Europe to reform the Catholic Church that resulted in the establishment of Protestant Churches.
A 16th-century movement in Western Europe to reform the Catholic Church that resulted in the establishment of Protestant Churches.
Purgatory
The place in which a person' soul was thought to suffer until all his or her sins had been punished
The place in which a person' soul was thought to suffer until all his or her sins had been punished
Indulgence
A cancellation of punishment for sins
A cancellation of punishment for sins
Reform
Fix or rehabilitate
Fix or rehabilitate
Heretic
Someone who openly criticized the Church's teachings
Someone who openly criticized the Church's teachings
Predestination
A belief that the fate of every person's soul was decided by God long ago
A belief that the fate of every person's soul was decided by God long ago
Bull
An official order from the pope with his lead seal, called a bulla, attached
An official order from the pope with his lead seal, called a bulla, attached