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324 Cards in this Set
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term used to describe type of power used by monarchs during 16th to 19th century; power was absolute and ended a time were the Church or Pope had control over kings
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absolutism
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absolutism
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term used to describe type of power used by monarchs during 16th to 19th century; power was absolute and ended a time were the Church or Pope had control over kings
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anarchism
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political philosophy that encourages a stateless society; rejection of the domination of a state
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political philosophy that encourages a stateless society; rejection of the domination of a state
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anarchism
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Alliance for Progress
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1961 charter proposed by President Kennedy to enact economic relations between U.S. and South America
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1961 charter proposed by President Kennedy to enact economic relations between U.S. and South America
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Alliance for Progress
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americanismo
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having traits or mannerisms of American ideas, culture, and influences
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having traits or mannerisms of American ideas, culture, and influences
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americanismo
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audiencia
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courts of Early Spain
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courts of Early Spain
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audiencia
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Aztecs
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indigenous people of central Mexica who controlled a large part of Mesoamerica in 14th, 15th and 16th centuries
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indigenous people of central Mexica who controlled a large part of Mesoamerica in 14th, 15th and 16th centuries
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Aztecs
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arielismo
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term derived from a character in a novel written by Jose Enrique Rodo; general belief that Latin American culture was purer and more spiritual than that of North America whose focus was on materialism
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term derived from a character in a novel written by Jose Enrique Rodo; general belief that Latin American culture was purer and more spiritual than that of North America whose focus was on materialism
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arielismo
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Bourbon reforms
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Spanish crown legislation in 18th century to stimulate manufacturing and technology to modernize Spain; limited power of Creoles
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Spanish crown legislation in 18th century to stimulate manufacturing and technology to modernize Spain; limited power of Creoles
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Bourbon reforms
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Bourbon monarchy
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House of Bourbon ; European royalty who held thrones in Spain, Luxembourg, France and Sicily
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House of Bourbon ; European royalty who held thrones in Spain, Luxembourg, France and Sicily
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Bourbon monarchy
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Catholic monarchy
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term used for rule of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, began in 1469
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term used for rule of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, began in 1469
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Catholic monarchy
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caudillismo
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cultural phenomenon in early 19th century revolutionary South America; term describes type of military leader who gained broad sympathy through charismatic style
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cultural phenomenon in early 19th century revolutionary South America; term describes type of military leader who gained broad sympathy through charismatic style
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caudillismo
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clientship
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system of patronage where rewards are given to individuals by a person of power in return for services
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system of patronage where rewards are given to individuals by a person of power in return for services
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clientship
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caudillo
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charismatic local political or military leader in Latin American history
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charismatic political or military leader in Latin American history
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caudillo
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creoles
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native people of French West Indies
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native people of French West Indies
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creoles
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constitutional government
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government that is controlled by a written set of rules
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government that is controlled by a written set of rules
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constitutional government
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colonialism
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control, establishment, and maintenance of colonies in an area by people from another territory
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control, establishment, and maintenance of colonies in an area by people from another territory
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colonialism
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constitutional monarchy
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system of government where a monarch is head of state within parameters of a constitution
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system of government where a monarch is head of state within parameters of a constitution
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constitutional monarchy
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debt crisis
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reduces growth in economic interests due to external debt being owned to nonresident governments and businesses
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reduces growth in economic interests due to external debt being owned to nonresident governments and businesses
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debt crisis
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econmienda system
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Spanish system during colonization of the Americas that regulated native American labor
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Spanish system during colonization of the Americas that regulated native American labor
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econmienda system
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European enlightenment
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also Age of Enlightment; 18th century cultural movement of intellectuals in Europe that encouraged advancement of knowledge, reforms in society; opposed religious intolerence
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also Age of Enlightment; 18th century cultural movement of intellectuals in Europe that encouraged advancement of knowledge, reforms in society; opposed religious intolerence
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European enlightenment
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democratic governance
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the gradual move to more democratic-style goverments in South America was influenced greatly by the colapse of communism in Europe; South American nations had struggled to grant authority to an elected government and recognizing it as the legitimate governing body for the nation -- this was influenced by self-identity in addition to the rise and fall of the economy. The peoples of South American nations had long shown their unhappiness with the government by simply overthrowing it rather than working within a democratic system and this was a hard habit to break.
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the gradual move to more democratic-style goverments in South America was influenced greatly by the colapse of communism in Europe; South American nations had struggled to grant authority to an elected government and recognizing it as the legitimate governing body for the nation -- this was influenced by self-identity in addition to the rise and fall of the economy. The peoples of South American nations had long shown their unhappiness with the government by simply overthrowing it rather than working within a democratic system and this was a hard habit to break.
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democratic governance
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1. A political theory holding that all power should be vested in one ruler or other authority.
2. A form of government in which all power is vested in a single ruler or other authority. 3. An absolute doctrine, principle, or standard. |
absolutism
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1. The theory or doctrine that all forms of government are oppressive and undesirable and should be abolished.
2. Active resistance and terrorism against the state, as used by some anarchists. 3. Rejection of all forms of coercive control and authority |
anarchism
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A native race in Mexico
spoke Nahuatl founded Tenochtitlan conquered by Cortez |
Aztecs
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Ferdinand & Isabella
derived their authority from God |
Catholic Monarchy
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Condition of a client; state of being under the protection of a patron.
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Clientship
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A program of foreign aid presented by President kennedy to help solve the economic and social problems of Latin America
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Alliance for Progress
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a concern for the transcendental as opposed to material values.
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arielismo
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European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ,first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century.
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Bourbon monarchy
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(in Spanish-speaking countries) a head of state, especially a military dictator.
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caudillo
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the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people.
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colonialism
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any government based on a written document
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Constitutional Government
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a point in a countries economics where the country is spending more money than the country in receiving
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Debt Crisis
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a movement that revolutionized the perception of logic, God, and man
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European Enlightenment
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Natives of Western South America
Spoke Quechua; no written language Viracocha-main god Cuzco-capital Conquered by Pizarro |
Incas
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a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time
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Inflation
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1.the quality or state of being liberal, as in behavior or attitude.
2. a political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties. 3. ( sometimes initial capital letter ) the principles and practices of a liberal party in politics. 4. a movement in modern Protestantism that emphasizes freedom from tradition and authority, the adjustment of religious beliefs to scientific conceptions, and the development of spiritual capacities. |
Liberalism
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any class of people in the middle of a societal hierarchy
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Middle Classes
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1.To make modern in appearance, style, or character; update.
2. To accept or adopt modern ways, ideas, or style. |
Modernization
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A region in Argentina and Chile
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Patagonia
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a point where all parties have reached an agreement on a course of action
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Political Consensus
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having traits or mannerisms of American ideas, culture, and influences
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americanismo
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courts of early Spain, first one in Mexico City in 1527, four judges with executive and legislative powers
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audiencia
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Spanish crown legislation in 18th century to stimulate manufacturing and technology to modernize Spain; limited power of Creoles, criticized the role of the church, started using informed reason and organizing it along rational lines
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Bourbon reforms
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cultural phenomenon in early 19th century revolutionary South America; term describes type of military leader who gained broad sympathy through charismatic style,
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caudillismo
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political sysem that promotes little or no change; emphasizes stability and preserving a working system, Laureano Gomez
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conservatism
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occurred in the years after WW2
a damaging effect of the Import-Substituting Industrialization |
rural crisis
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the socioeconomic class consisting of people who work for wages, especially low wages, including unskilled and semiskilled laborers and their families.
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working class
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form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a writen document.
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constitutinal monarchy
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the capacity of a society to define and establish policies and resolve their conflicts peacefully within the existing country
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democratic governance
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of or pertaining to SW Europe, its inhabitants, or their language.
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Iberians
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an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
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International Monetary Fund
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The political ideals put forth by Karl ______
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Marxism
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migration
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physical movement of people from one area to another either by voluntary means (for personal, economic, or work related reasons), or by involutary means (by-product of wars, slave trade or ethnic cleansing)
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physical movement of people from one area to another either by voluntary means (for personal, economic, or work related reasons), or by involutary means (by-product of wars, slave trade or ethnic cleansing)
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migration
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Monroe Doctrine
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1823- policy of U.S. by President Monroe stating that actions by European counties to take over land and/or colonies of U.S. would be viewed as act of agression
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1823- policy of U.S. by President Monroe stating that actions by European counties to take over land and/or colonies of U.S. would be viewed as act of agression
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Monroe Doctrine
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patriarchy
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social, political, or economic system run by males; dependent on female subordination
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social, political, or economic system run by males; dependent on female subordination
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patriarchy
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populism
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political projects and ideas that are intended to represent ordinary people's needs and wishes
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political projects and ideas that are intended to represent ordinary people's needs and wishes
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populism
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socialism
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economic system in which means of production are commonly owned and controlled
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economic system in which means of production are commonly owned and controlled
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socialism
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econmienda system
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Spanish system during colonization of the Americas that regulated native American labor
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Spanish system during colonization of the Americas that regulated native American labor
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econmienda system
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land reform
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change of laws regarding land ownership; transfer of ownership from nobility or government to less forturnate or those who work the land
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change of laws regarding land ownership; transfer of ownership from nobility or government to less forturnate or those who work the land
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land reform
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Maya
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MesoAmerican civilization known for having written language, mathematical and astronomical theries, and calendar
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MesoAmerican civilization known for having written language, mathematical and astronomical theries, and calendar
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Maya
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military dictatorships
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system of government where military controls the political power
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system of government where military controls the political power
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military dictatorships
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oligarchy
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power system run by a small number of people; group is usually didtinguished by royalty, family, corporate, or military connection
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power system run by a small number of people; group is usually didtinguished by royalty, family, corporate, or military connection
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oligarchy
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patronage
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support or financial aid given to an organization or individual by another individualss or organization
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support or financial aid given to an organization or individual by another individualss or organization
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patronage
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poverty alleviation
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effort to reduce poverty through social programs and financial aid
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effort to reduce poverty through social programs and financial aid
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poverty alleviation
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urbanization
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movement of people from rural areas to cities, usually for economic reasons
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movement of people from rural areas to cities, usually for economic reasons
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urbanization
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1783-1824; Mexican army general who ended Mexican War of Independence; designer of first Mexican flag
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Agustin I of Mexico (Iturbide)
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1908-1973; first democratically elected Marxist president of a Latin American country (Chile).
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Salavador Allende
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1951-present; socialist Presient of Chile 2006-2010
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Michelle Bachelet
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1899-1986; Argentine writer and poet that paved the way for Spanish American novelists
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Jorge Borges
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1926- present; former Prime Minister of Cuba; primary leader of Cuban Revolution who changed Cuba into a socialist republic
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Fidel Castro
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1451-1506; Italian explorer, navigator who led the way for Eupropean colonization of the New World
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Christopher Columbus
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1867-1916; Nicaraguanwriter and poet known for beginning Spanish-American movement of modernismo
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Ruben Dario
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152-1516; King of Aragon 1479-1516 as Ferdinand II, was force behind Spanish Inquisition; King of Castile 1474-1514 as Ferdinand V; sponsor of Columbus's voyage to Americas
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Ferdinand V of Aragon
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1928- present; most widely known Mexican writer in Spanish-speaking world, many works translated to English and other languages
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Carlos Fuentes
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(1879-1950) Mexican general during Mexican revolution; organized assassination of Zapata
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General Pablo Gonzalez Garza
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(1850-1916) 38th interim President of Mexico
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Adolofo de la Huerta
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(1950-2010) President of Argentina 2003-2007
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Nestor Kirchner
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(1853-1895) one of Incas of Vilcambamba, gathered army of 200,000 Inca warriors to march on Cuzco in 1536
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inca manco
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(1466-1520) ninth ruler of Tenochtitlan; killed during early stages of Spanish conquest of Mexico when Cortes fought to escape from Tenochtitlan
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Montezuma II
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(1904-1973) pen name of Chilean politician and poet Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto; 1971 Nobel Prize winner in Literature
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Pablo Neruda
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(1798-1834) founder and first ruler of Empire of Brazil
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Emperor Pedro I of Brazil
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(1895-1974) Argentine politician and military officer elected 3 times as President; governent known for widespread social investments-hospitals, schools, eliminating poverty, ect.; political movement known as peronismo, now the Justicialist Party
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Gen. Juan Domingo Peron
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(1471 or 1476-1541) Spanish conquistador, conquered Incan Empire; founded Lima
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Francisco Pizarro
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(1794-1876) Mexican general, political leader, and president who fought against independence from Spain, then fought for it; President of Mexico over 22-year period
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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
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Leading Mexican Revolutionary general who commanded Division of the North; seized lands and robbed trains for distribution to the poor
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Francisco 'Pancho' Villa
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Mexican historian, scientist and writer;co-founder of Mexican Conservative Party
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Lucas Alaman
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former president and Defense Minister of Guatemala ousted in CIA led coup
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Jacabo Arbenz
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leader of Cuba 1933-1944 and 1952-1959; overthrown by Cuban Revolution; US supported
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Fulgencio Batista
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Cuban musicologist and novelist who influenced Latin American literature
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Alejo Carpientier
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ruler of Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and Spanish emperor from 1516-1556
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Emperor Charles V
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Argentine writer known for founding Latin American Literary Boom
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Julio Cortazar
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(1830-1915) President of Mexico from 1876-1911; referred to as a dictator; fell from power during Mexican Revolution
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Porfirio Diaz
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(1784-1833) King of Spain two times; dispute over throne with Napoleon in 1808; was supported by people of Spain
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Ferdinand VII of Spain
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(1938- ) President of Peru 1990-2000; convicted of murder, kidnapping, and bodily harm for role in 1900s Grupo Colina death squad
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Alberto Fujimori
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(1919-1976) President of Brazil 1961-1964; last left-wing president; overthrown by coup
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Joao Goulart
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(1451-1504) Queen of Castile, married Ferdinand II of Aragon, helped unify Spain
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Isabella of Castile
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(1484-1566) Spanish 16th century historian and Domonican Friar; first Bishop of Chiapas and "Protector of the Indians;" wrote accounts of mistreatment of indiginous peoples by colonizers
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Batrolome de Las Casas
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(1778-1811) Argentine politician, attorney, journalist who had major role in Primera Junta, first national government began after May Revolution
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Mariano Moreno
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(1880-1928) President of Mexico 1920-1924; first stable administration after Mexican Revolution
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Alvaro Obregon
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(1825-1891) second and last ruler of Empire of Brazil, 1831-1889 (58 years)
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Emperor Pedro II of Brazil
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(1527-1598) King of Spain, aka Phillip the Prudent who ruled one of world's largest empires
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Phillip II, King of Spain
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(1793-1877) dictator of Argentine Confederation 1829-1852
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Juan Manuel Rosas
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(1936- ) Peruvian-Spanish writer, journalist, politician and winner of Nobel Prize for Literature in 2010; large international following
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Mario Vargas Llosa
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(1852-1933) two-time President of Argentina; known as "father the poor" for progressive social reforms; responsible for universal male sufferage in Argentina in 1912
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Hipolito Yrigoyen
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(1868-1950) political dignitary who served two terms as President of Chile
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Arturo Alessandri
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(1899-1974) Guatemalan peot, diplomat, novelist, Nobel Peace Prize winner who established Latin American contribution to world literature
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Miguel Asturias
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(1783-1830) military and political leader from Venezula who played an important role in Latin America independence struggle from Spain; regarded in Hispanic America as liberator, hero, and visionary
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Simon Bolivar
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(1859-1920) leader of the Mexican Revolution; President of Mexico 1914-1920; current constitution drafted durning his administration
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Venustiano Carranza
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(1954- ) current President of Venezula since 1999; administration focused on making socialist reforms under project known as Bolivarian Revolution
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Hugo Chavez
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(1485-1547) Spanish conquistador who led conquest of Mexico under King of Castile
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Hernan Cortes
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(1883-1974) President of Brazil 1946-1951
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Gen. Eurico Dutra
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(1911-1982) President of Chile 1964-1970; administration supported public housing, education, reforestation, and nationalized copper mines
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Eduardo Frei
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(1927- ) Columbian writer, novelist, screenwriter known as Gabo; known for novels One Hundred Years of Solitute and Love in the Time of Choler; style called magical realism; winner of Nobel Prize for Literature, 1982
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Gabriel Garcia Marquez
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(1928-1967) Argentine author, Marxist revolutionary, guerrilla eader, physician, intellectual, military theorist; major player in Cuban Revolution; wrote best-selling memoir on South American motorcycle journey; executed in Bolivia after being captured by CIA-backed forces
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Ernesto (Che) Guevara
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(1806-1872) Five-time President of Mexico; first full-blooded indigenous national to serve as president; restored republic, resisted French occupation, and modernized the country
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Benito Juarez
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(1516-1544) one of Incas of Vilcabamba, gathered army of 200,000 Inca warriors to march on Cuzco in 1536
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Inca Manco
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(c. 1398- 1469) fifth Aztec emperor; consolidated and expanded empire to make Tenochtitlan dominant third of Aztec Triple Alliance
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Montezuma I
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Napoleonic Wars which sought to conquer much of Europe; defeated by British at Battle of Waterloo
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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(1914-1998) Mexican poet, writer, and diplomat awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 1990
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Octavio Paz
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(1919-1952) second wife of Juan Peron; first lady of Argentina who supported women's sufferage, labor rights, and working class citizens
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Eva Peron
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(1915-2006) led coup d'etat that overthrew Allende's elected socialist government in 1973; in 2004, charged with more than 300 criminal chrages including tax evasion, human rights violations, and embezzlement for crimes committed durning his reign
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Gen. Auguato Pinochet
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(1895-1975) Brazilian journalist, writer, politician, and theologian who founded Brazilian Intergralist Action Party inspired by Italian Fascist movement
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Plinio Salgado
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(1882-1959) Mexican writer, politician, and philospher who had influenced development of modern Mexico; father of indigenismo philosophy
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Jose Vasconcelos
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Countries that border Argentina
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Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil and Bolivia
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Countries that border Bolivia
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Chile, Argentina, Peru, Brazil and Paraguay
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Countries that border Brazil:
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Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
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Countries that border Chile:
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Peru, Argentina, Bolivia
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Countries that border Columbia:
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Panama, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador
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Countries that border Cuba:
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Cuba has no land borders. But it is surrounded by Jamaica, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean Sea.
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Countries that border Ecuador:
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Colombia and Peru
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Countries that border Mexico:
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United States, Guatemala and Belize
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Countries that border Peru:
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Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile
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Countries that border Venezuela:
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Columbia, Brazil, and Guyana
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Leader of Argentina
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President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner
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Leader of Bolivia
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President Juan Evo Morales Ayma A.K.A. Evo Morales
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Leader of Brazil
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President Dilma Vana Rousseff
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Leader of Chile
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President Sebastian Pinera
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Leader of Columbia
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President Juan Manuel Santos Calderon A.K.A. Juan Santos
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Leader of Cuba
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Raul Castro
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Leader of Ecuador
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President--Rafael Correa
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Leader of Mexico
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President Felipe Calderon Hinojosa A.K.A Felipe Calderon
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Leader of Peru
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President Ollanta Humala Tasso
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Leader of Venezuela
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President Hugo Chavez
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population of Argentina
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41 million
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population of Bolivia
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less than 10 million
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population of Brazil
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less than 190 million
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population of Chile
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17 million
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population of Columbia
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almost 45 million
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population of Cuba
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11 million
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population of Ecuador
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15 million
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population of Mexico
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113 million
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population of Peru
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29 million
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population of Venezuela
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28 million
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What country has the largest Jewish population in Latin America?
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Argentina
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What country mandates that 1/3 of candidates for their houses of Congress must be female?
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Argentina
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Work force of Argentina
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Industry and commerce: 35.8%, agriculture: 9.5%, and services: 54.7%
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What is Cerro Aconcagua? Where is it located?
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Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain. In Argentina.
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What is Laguna del Carbon? Where is it located?
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Western Hemisphere's lowest point. In Argentina.
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What country is one of the least developed countries in Latin America with 2/3 of the population living in poverty?
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Bolivia
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What country hosts the parliament for the UNASUR? In what city?
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Bolivia. In Cochabamba.
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Work force in Bolivia
|
Agriculture: 40%, Industry: 17%, Service: 43%
|
|
|
What Latin American Country is leading the UN peacekeeping force in Haiti?
|
Brazil
|
|
|
Work force of Brazil
|
Services: 66%, Industry: 28%, agriculture: 6%
|
|
|
The majority of Brazilians belong to what class?
|
middle class
|
|
|
How tall is the statue of Christ in Rio de Janerio?
|
98 feet tall
|
|
|
When was the statue of Christ placed in Rio de Janerio?
|
1931
|
|
|
What occasion did the unveiling of the statue of Christ mark?
|
100 years of Independence from Portugal
|
|
|
What city is home to the largest open-pit mine in the world?
|
Chuquicamata
|
|
|
What is the literacy rate of Chile?
|
96%
|
|
|
How many major political parties does Columbia have?
|
seven (7)
|
|
|
copper, fruit, fish products, paper and pulp, chemicals are exports of ______
|
Chile
|
|
|
transport equipment, iron ore,soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos are exports of ______
|
Brazil
|
|
|
Workers' Party (PT), ______ Democratic Movement Party (PMDB),______ Social Democratic Party (PSDB), Democrats (DEM), Democratic Workers' Party (PDT), _____Labor Party (PTB), Party of the Republic (RP), _____ Socalist Party (PSB), Communist Party of _____ (PC do B), Progressive Party (PP), Popular Socialist Party (PPS), and Green Party (PV)
these are political parties in _______ |
Brazil
|
|
|
natural gas, soybeans and soy products, crude petroleum, zinc ore, tin are exports of ______
|
Bolivia
|
|
|
Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), National Unity (UN), Fearless Movement (MSM) and Social Alliance (AS)
are political parties in _______ |
Bolivia
|
|
|
Soybeans and derivatives, petroleum and natural gas, organic chemicals, plastics are exports of _______
|
Argentina
|
|
|
Justicialist (Peronist) and Radical Civic Union (UCR) are political parties in _______
|
Argentina
|
|
|
Caracas, Valencia, Maracaibo are cities in _______
|
Venezuela
|
|
|
Arequipa, Trujillo, Iquitos are cities in _____
|
Peru
|
|
|
Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Ciudad Juarez, Tijuana, Acapulco, Merida, Leon, Veracruz are cities in ______
|
Mexico
|
|
|
Guayaquil, Riobamba, Loja are cities in _____
|
Ecuador
|
|
|
Santiago de ____, Camaguey, Santa Clara, Holguin, Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Pinar del Rio are cities in _______
|
Cuba
|
|
|
Cordoba is in ______
|
Argentina
|
|
|
Medellin, Cali, Cartagena, Santa Marta are cities in ______
|
Columbia
|
|
|
Valparaiso, Vina del Mar, Chuquicamata are cities in ______
|
Chile
|
|
|
Sao Paulo, Salvador, Manaus, Belem are cities in ______
|
Brazil
|
|
|
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Cochabamba, Potosi are cities in ______
|
Bolivia
|
|
|
What is the life expectancy in Argentina?
|
72 years (men), 80 years (women)
|
|
|
What is the area of Argentina?
|
2.8 million sq km (1.1 million sq miles)
|
|
|
What is the full name of Bolivia?
|
Plurinational State of Bolivia
|
|
|
What is the Life expectancy of Bolivia?
|
65 years (men), 69 years (women)
|
|
|
What is the area of Bolivia?
|
1.1 million sq km (424,164 sq miles)
|
|
|
What is the full name of Brazil?
|
Federative Republic of Brazil
|
|
|
What is the life expectancy of Brazil?
|
71 years (men), 77 years (women)
|
|
|
What is the area of Brazil?
|
8.55 million sq km (3.3 million sq miles)
|
|
|
Who was the first female president of Brazil?
|
Dilma Rousseff
|
|
|
What is one of the most stable and prosperous nations in South America?
|
Chile
|
|
|
What is the area of Chile?
|
756,096 sq km (291,930 sq miles)
|
|
|
What is the life expectancy in Chile?
|
76 years (men), 82 years (women)
|
|
|
What is the area of Columbia?
|
1.14 million sq km (440,831 sq miles)
|
|
|
What is the Life expectancy in Columbia?
|
70 years (men), 78 years (women)
|
|
|
What is the area of Cuba?
|
110,860 sq km (42,803 sq miles)
|
|
|
What is the Life expectancy in Cuba?
|
77 years (men), 81 years (women)
|
|
|
What is the area of Ecuador?
|
272,045 sq km (105,037 sq miles)
|
|
|
What is the Life expectancy in Ecuador?
|
73 years (men), 79 years (women)
|
|
|
What is the area of Mexico?
|
1.96 million sq km (758,449 sq miles)
|
|
|
What is the Life expectancy in Mexico?
|
75 years (men), 80 years (women)
|
|
|
What type of government is Argentina?
|
Republic
|
|
|
When was Argentina's constitution adopted?
|
1853 but was revised in 1994
|
|
|
When did Argentina gain its independence?
|
1816
|
|
|
Through what age is suffrage Compulsory for adults in Argentina?
|
18-70 optional for those over 70
|
|
|
What was Argentina's GDP in 2010?
|
$380 billion
|
|
|
What is the Annual population growth rate in Argentina?
|
1.017%
|
|
|
What is the Annual population growth rate in Bolivia?
|
1.69%
|
|
|
What type of government is Bolivia?
|
Plurinational state
|
|
|
When was Bolivia's constitution adopted?
|
February 7, 2009
|
|
|
When was Bolivia's independence?
|
August 6, 1825
|
|
|
What was Bolivia's GDP in 2011?
|
$23.30 billion
|
|
|
What is the Annual population growth rate in Brazil?
|
1.17%
|
|
|
What type of government does Brazil have?
|
Federative republic
|
|
|
When was Brazil's constitution adopted?
|
Promulgated October 5, 1988
|
|
|
When did Brazil gain its independence?
|
September 7, 1822
|
|
|
What was Brazil's GDP in 2011?
|
nominal exchange rate): $2.5 trillion
(purchasing power parity): $2.3 trillion |
|
|
What is the exchange rate between US and Brazilian currency?
|
U.S. $1 = 1.75 Brazilian reais
|
|
|
What is the Annual population growth rate in Chile?
|
0.881%
|
|
|
When was the Chilean constitution adopted?
|
Promulgated September 11, 1980; effective March 11, 1981; amended in 1989, 1993, 1997, and 2005
|
|
|
When did Chile gain its independence?
|
September 18, 1810
|
|
|
What was the GDP in Chile in 2010?
|
$203.9 billion
|
|
|
What is the Annual population growth in Columbia?
|
1.2%
|
|
|
What type of government does Columbia have?
|
Constitutional republic
|
|
|
When was Columbia's constitution adopted?
|
July 5, 1991
|
|
|
When did Columbia gain its independence?
|
July 20, 1810
|
|
|
What is Columbia's GDP in 2011?
|
(purchasing power parity; IMF): $467.6 billion.
(current prices; IMF): $321.4 billion |
|
|
What type of government does Cuba have?
|
Totalitarian communist state; current government assumed power by force on January 1, 1959
|
|
|
When did Cuba gain its independence?
|
May 20, 1902
|
|
|
What was the GDP of Cuba in 2010?
|
$51.01 billion
|
|
|
What are the two currencies in Cuba?
|
the peso (CUP) and the convertible peso (CUC)
|
|
|
What is the Annual population growth rate in Ecuador?
|
1.95%
|
|
|
What type of government does Ecuador have?
|
Republic
|
|
|
When was Ecuador's constitution adopted?
|
October 20, 2008
|
|
|
When did Ecuador gain its independence?
|
August 10, 1809 (declared); May 24, 1822 (achieved independence from Spain).
|
|
|
At what ages is it obligatory to vote in Ecuador?
|
18-65 years of age
|
|
|
At what age are citizens able to vote in Ecuador?
|
16
|
|
|
What was GDP of Ecuador in 2010?
|
$57.9 billion
|
|
|
What is the currency in Ecuador?
|
U.S. dollar
|
|
|
A movement in Christian theology, developed mainly by Latin American Roman Catholics, that emphasizes liberation from social, political, and economic oppression as an anticipation of ultimate salvation
|
liberation theology
|
|
|
acceptance of the inevitability of defeat
|
defeatism
|
|
|
What is an isthmus?
|
A narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger areas of land
|
|
|
(1882-1952) President of Brazil on and off for 18 years; advocate for the poor; president from 1930-1945; overthrown in a coup
|
Getulio Vargas
|
|
|
(1852-1933) two-time president of Argentina; known as "Father of the poor" for [rogressive social reforms; responsible for universal male suffrage in Argentina in 1912
|
Hipolito Yrigoyen
|
|
|
(1930- ) first Peronist to be elected president of Argentina since Juan Perón in 1973
|
Carlos Menem
|
|
|
Grito de Dolores
|
September 15, 1810. The Cry of Dolores; Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's revolt against Spanish rule, calling for Mexican independence
|
|
|
Native of New Mexico; first encountered Spanish colonizers in the 16th century,
|
Zuni Indians
|
|
|
largest Pre-Columbian city in South America, located in Peru, discovered by Pizarro, Capital city of Chimu
|
Chan Chan
|
|
|
maintained the largest and most important political system in Peru before the Inca, Capital was Chan Chan
|
Chimu
|
|
|
treaty signed 1821 for peace in Mexican War of Independence from Spain; established social equality, independence, and installed Roman Catholicism as dominant religion
|
Plan of Iguala
|
|
|
Maya city state in southern Mexico that flourished in the 7th century
|
Palenque (ruins)
|
|
|
plateau and low-mountain region of South America located north of the Amazon and south of the Orinoco River
|
Guiana Highlands
|
|
|
(1952- ) President of Columbia 2002-2010
declared purpose-defeat FARC, AUC, and ELN |
Alvaro Uribe
|
|
|
A government official who (1948- ) was president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994, PRI party
voluntarily exiled |
Carlos Salinas de Gortari
|
|
|
President of Chile. He was the first president of Chile after democracy was restored in 1990 (after Pinochet)
|
Patricio Aylwin
|
|
|
(1478-1528) Spanish conqueror who led two expeditions; first to Mexico in 1520 to oppose Cortes; second to Florida in 1527
|
Pánfilo de Narváez
|
|
|
Dominican friar in Hispaniola who denounced enslavement of indigenous people of Americas
|
Antonio de Montesinos
|
|
|
(1959- ) indigenous Guatemalan K`iche' woman who won 1992 Nobel Peace Prize for promoting indigenous rights
|
Rigoberta Menchu
|
|
|
written by Emiliano Zapata and his supporters in November of 191. It calls for land reform and freedom.
|
The Plan of Ayala
|
|
|
(1919-1952) Actress, second wife of Juan Peron; first lady of Argentina who supported women's suffrage, labor rights, and working class citizens
|
Eva Duarte de Peron (Evita)
|
|
|
(1909-1980) President of Argentina May 1973 –July 1973
Formerly a dentist |
Héctor José Cámpora
|
|
|
Spanish conquistador, who visited New Mexico and other parts of what are now the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542.
|
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
|
|
|
Paraguayan War; a military conflict in South America fought from 1864 to 1870 between Paraguay and the the alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. It caused more deaths proportionally than any other war in modern history, and particularly devastated Paraguay, killing most of its male population.
|
War of the Triple Alliance
|
|
|
uprising by the inhabitants of the Viceroyalty of New Granada against the Spanish authorities in 1781.
|
Revolt of the Comuneros
|
|
|
Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies, most important administrative organ of the Spanish Empire.
|
Council of the Indies
|
|
|
(1895-1979) a Peruvian political leader who founded the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) political movement.
|
Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre
|
|
|
(1495-1552) first viceroy of New Spain
|
Antonio de Mendoza
|
|
|
Mexican Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel leader who led the Mexican War of Independence movement, assuming its leadership after the execution of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in 1811
|
José María Morelos
|
|
|
a Nicaraguan poet who initiated the Spanish-American literary movement known as modernismo (modernism) that flourished at the end of the 19th century
|
Rubén Darío
|
|
|
a politician, writer and revolutionary who served as 33rd President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913.
|
Francisco I. Madero
|
|
|
United States-aligned Cuban President, dictator and military leader who served as the leader of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown as a result of the Cuban Revolution.[
|
Fulgencio Batista
|
|
|
Brazilian politician, 19th President of Brazil November 9, 1955 – November 11, 1955
2nd in group of 3 presidents in office after Vargas' suicide deposed by Teixeira Lott |
Carlos Luz
|
|
|
a Brazilian marshal, politician and 16th president of Brazil from 1946–1951.
|
Eurico Gaspar Dutra
|
|
|
Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries between Peru and Ecuador; brought about the official end of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1941-1942
|
Rio Protocol
|
|
|
leader of the APRA and the only party member ever to have served as President of Peru. President 1985-1990 and 2006-2011
|
Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez
|
|
|
current president of Peru; narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori, daughter of Alberto Fujimori
|
Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso
|
|
|
youngest First Lady in the history of the Americas. daughter of Alberto Fujimori
|
Keiko Fujimori
|
|
|
Peruvian-Spanish writer, politician, journalist, essayist, and recipient of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature
|
Mario Vargas Llosa
|
|
|
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army
a Marxist–Leninist revolutionary guerrilla organization based in Colombia |
FARC
|
|
|
National Liberation Army
a revolutionary, avowed Marxist guerrilla group Colombian |
ELN
|
|
|
United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia
an umbrella organization of regional far-right paramilitary groups in Colombia |
AUC
|
|
|
Brazilian politician
took power directly after Vargas' suicide in power Aug 24, 1954 to Nov 9, 1955 1st protestant president of Brazil 1st president born in Republica Velha succeeded by Carlos Luz |
Cafe Filho
|
|
|
third in series of 3 presidents following Vargas' suicide
served until Kubitschek took power (Jan 31, 1956) |
Nereu Ramos
|
