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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is geography?
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Geography is the study of the world, it's people, and the landscapes they create.
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What is a Social Science?
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A social science is a field that studies people and the relationships among them.
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What is a region?
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A region is a part of the world that has one or more common features that distinguish it from surrounding areas.
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What is a map?
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A map is a flat drawing that shows all or partof Earth's surface.
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What is a globe?
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A globeis a spherical, or ball-shaped model of the entire planet.
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What is a Hemisphere?
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The equator divides the globe into two halves, called hemisperes. (Northern & Southern)
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What is an atlas?
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An atlas is a book of maps.
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What is latitude?
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Latitude is a place's distance north or south of Earth's equator.
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What is longitude?
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Longitude is the distance east or west of the prime meridian.
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What do latitude and longitude do?
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Latitude and longitude measure distance in degrees.
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What is the prime meridian?
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The Prime Meridian is the 0 degree line of longitude on the Earth.
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What are coordinates?
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A place's location can be expressed numbers, called coordinates, that describe its distance north or south of the equator and east or west of the prime meridian.
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What is culture?
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Culture is a set of ideas, beliefs, values and practices that a group of people have in common.
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What is an absolute location?
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An absolute location gives a specific description of a location such as an address.
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What is a relative location?
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A relative location is a general description of where a place lies.
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What is cartography?
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Cartography is the science of making maps.
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What is a Cartographer?
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A Cartographer makes maps.
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What are the 5 Themes of Geography?
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The 5 Themes of Geography are:
1- LOCATION 2- PLACE 3- REGIONS 4- MOVEMENT 5- HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION |
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Desribe the theme of "Location".
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The theme of "location" describes where something is.
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Describe the theme of "Place".
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The theme of "place" describes the features that make a site unique.
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Describe the theme of "Regions".
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Regions are areas that share common characteristics.
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Describe the theme of "Movement".
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The theme of "Movement" looks at how and why people and things move.
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Describe the theme of "Human-environment interaction".
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The theme of "human-Environment Interaction" shows how people interact with their environments in many ways.
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What are the 6 Essential Elements?
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The 6 Essential Elements are:
1- The World in Spatial Terms 2- Places and Regions 3- Physical Systems 4- Human Systems 5- Environment & Society 6- The Uses of Geography |
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What is a Primary Source?
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Primary Sources are materials, often called documents, created by people who lived during the times you are reading about.
For example: letters, diaries or photographs |
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What is a secondary source?
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A secondary source is a document or commentary that quotes or references a primary source, without first-hand knowledge of the activity or event.
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What is the meaning of B.C.?
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B.C. refers to dates BEFORE the birth of Jesus.
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What is the meaning of A.D.?
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A.D. refers to dates AFTER the birth of Jesus
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What is a map grid?
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A map grid is simply a map that has been divided into marked sections. Grid map sections are usually marked with numbers and letters by rows and columns. This grid system makes it easier to find a specific location.
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Who were the Sumerians?
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The Sumerians were a people who settled in southern Mesopotamia and developed the world's first civilization. It is unknown where they come from or when they moved into the Mesopotamian region.
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What can you tell about the MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION?
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The Mesopotamian Civilation is known for:
-creating a method of irrigation to supply water to areas of land -digging canals -developing the "division of labor", an arrangement in which each worker specializes ina a particular task or job. -the fertile "crescent" they lived in was very fertile allowing them to produce a surplus of food - |
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What is the "CODE OF HAMMURABI"?
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The "CODE OF HAMMURABI" was a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life. It was created by the Babylonian ruler Hammurabi. It is the earliest known written collection of laws.
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What was the southern region of the ancient Egypt civilization called?
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The southern region of the ancient Egypt civilization was called UPPER EGYPT. It was named this because it was located upriver in relation to the Nile's flow.
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What was the northern region of the ancient Egypt civilization called?
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The northern region of the ancient Egypt civilization was called LOWER EGYPT. It was named this because it was located downriver in relation to the Nile's flow.
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Why was the River Nile important?
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1- The River Nile was important because it sliced through the desert of Upper Egypt creating a fertile river valley about 13 miles wide.
2- Rainfall caused the River Nile to flood. The flooding coated the land with a rich silt (a fine earth) which made the soil ideal for farming. Egyptians thought the river floods were life-giving miracles because without the regular flooding, people could never have farmed. The Nile was a true gift to Egypt. |
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What is a pharaoh?
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A pharaoh is the title used by the rulers of ancient Egypt. The title "pharaoh" means "great house".
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What is mummification?
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Mummification is a method Egyptians developed to preserve bodies and to keep them from decaying by specially treating the bodies and wrapping them in cloth
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What are hieroglyphics?
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Hieroglyphics is the Egyptian writing system consisting of five symbols which together meant "to teach". Egyptian hieroglyphics were one of the world's first writing systems.
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What is Cuneiform?
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Cuneiform is the world's first system of writing developed by the Sumerians.
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What is a stylus?
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A stylus is a tool used by the Sumerians to write on clay tablets. A stylus would make wedge-shaped symbols on clay tablets.
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What is a CLAY TABLET?
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A clay tablet is a roughly rectangular slab of fine clay smoothed on one surface which was then used by scribes in the early civilizations of the Near East to cut or impress symbols and hieroglyphs.
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What is a papyrus?
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A papyrus is a long-lasting, paperlike material made from reeds (type of grass).
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What is a REPUBLIC form of government?
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A republican form of government is a type of government in which the citizens of a country have an active role in the affairs of the government, and the government is not headed by a hereditary ruler such as a king.
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Who is HERODOTUS?
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Herodotus is the father of history which formulated the scientific ways of writing history. he was considered as the father of history because of his big contribution in history. He is also the first historian of the western world
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What is a DESPOT?
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A DESPOT is a ruler with absolute power who oppresses others. A DESPOT is a tyrant.Byzantine emperors or princes uses this title.
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What is an EPIC?
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An EPIC is a long poem that tells the story of a hero.
Sumarians often wrote these. |
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What is a MYTH?
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A myth is a made-up story that explains the existence of a natural phenomenon — such as where thunder comes from or why snow falls from the sky.
Myths — which often include gods and goddesses and other supernatural characters who have the power to make extraordinary things happen —are popular even when people know the actual reasons for natural phenomena. |
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What is a LEGEND?
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A legend is a type of story that is based in history and often has elements of truth to it. For example, Robin Hood is a legend based on real figures throughout Medieval history.
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What is the FERTILE CRESCENT?
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The FERTILE CRESCENT refers to a large arc of rich, or fertile, farmland. It extends from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea.
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What is SILT?
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SILT is a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks.
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What does MESOPOTAMIA mean in Greek?
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MESOPOTAMIA means "betwwen the rivers" in the Greek language.
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Between which two rivers is the Mesopotamia region located?
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The Mesopotamia region is located between TIGRIS and EUPHRAES Rivers.
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What is IRRIGATION?
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IRRIGATION is a way of supplying water to area of land.
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What is a DIVISION OF LABOR?
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A DIVISION OF LABOR is an arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job.
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What is a CITY-STATE?
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A CITY-STATE consists fo a central city and all the countryside around it.
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What is an EMPIRE?
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An EMPIRE is land with different territories and peoples under a single rule.
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What type of religion did the Sumerians practice?
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The Sumerians practiced POLYTHEISM, which is the worship of many gods.
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What is POLYTHEISM?
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POLYTHEISM is the worship of many gods.
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What is a PRIEST?
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A PRIEST is a person who performs or leads religious ceremonies.
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What is a SOCIAL HIERARCHY?
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A SOCIAL HIERARCHY is the division of society by rank or class.
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What are PICTOGRAPHS?
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PICTOGRAPHS are picture symbols.
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What is a SCRIBE?
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A SCRIBE is a writer.
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What was one of the Sumerians' most important developments?
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One of the Sumerians' most important developments was the WHEEL. They were the world's first people to build wheeled vehicles, such as carts. Using the wheel, the Sumerians invented a device that spins clay as a craftsperson shapes it into bowls. The device is called a potter's wheel. The also invented the plow, pulled by oxen.
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How were Sumerians best know in the area of Math?
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Sumerians developed a math system based on the number 60. They divided a circle into 360 degrees. The divided a year into 12 months, a factor of 60. They also calculated the areas of rectangles and triangles.
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Which Sumerian invention do you think improved our way of living?
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The WHEEL!
-wheelchairs -bicycles -airplanes -cars -trucks |
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What is a ZIGGURAT?
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A ZIGGURAT is a pyramid-shaped temple.
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What is ARCHITECTURE?
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ARCHITECTURE is the science of building.
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Why do you think the invention of the plow was so important to the Sumerians?
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The invention of the plow was important to the Sumerians because when pulled by an ox, it was able to break through the hard clay soil of Sumer to prepare it for planting. This technique greatly increased farm production.
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What are some other Sumerian inventions and advances?
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They invented:
- a clock that used falling water to measure time -they built sewers under city streets -they used bronze to make strong tools -they produced makeup -they made glass jewelry |
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What was the basic Sumerian building material?
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The basic Sumerian building material was bricks made of mud.
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What is a Sumerian cylinder seal?
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A Sumerian cylinder seal is a stone cylinder engraved with designs. When the cylinder was rolled over clay, the designs would leave behind their imprint. Each seal was very distinctive and a work of art.
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Who is SARGON?
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SARGON was an Akkadian emperor who rebeled against Sumarian rule and overtook the entire Mesopotamian region bringing it under his rule. He establish the world's first empire.
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What is BABYLON?
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BABYLON was a city located on the Euphrates River near what is now Baghdad, Iraq.
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Who is HAMMURABI?
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HAMMURABI was the king of Babylon and the city's greatest ruler. He was a brilliant war leader.
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Why was Hammurabi's Code inportant?
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It was important not only for how thorough it was but also because it was written down for all to see.
It contained some ideas that are still found in laws today. |
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Under Hammurabi's code, did everybody have the same penalties?
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No, under Hammurabi's Code, social class did matter. For example, injuring a richman brought a greater penalty than injuring a poor man.
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What is a CHARIOT?
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A CHARIOT is a whelled, horse-drawn cart used in battle.
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Who are the HITTITES?
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The HITTITES were a people who built a strong kingdom in Asia Minor in what is today Turkey. They had 2 key military advantages over their rivals:
1) they mastered iron work which made their weapons stronger 2) they were very skillful at using the chariot, a wheeled horse-drawn cart used in battle |
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Who were the PHOENICIANS?
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The PHOENICIANS were from Phoenicia, located at the western end of the Fertile Crescent. It is what today is known as Lebanon. They were not a military society, but a wealthy trading society.One of their main resources were cedar trees. Because the land routes were blocked by mountains and hostile neighbors, the Phoenicians took to the sea for a way to trade.
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What is an ALPHABET?
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An ALPHABET is a set of letters that can be combined to form words.
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Who developed one of the world's first alphabets?
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The Phoenicians developed one of the world's first alphabets. This development made writing much easier. It had a major impact on the ancient world and on our own. In fact, the alphabet we use today is based on the Phoenicians' alphabet.
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What is JUDAISM?
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JUDAISM is the religion of the Hebrews (ancestors of the Israelites and Jews) and based on what is known about their early history as written by archeologists and Hebrew scribes.
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How many Gods do Jews believe in?
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Jews believe in only one God.
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What is MONOTHEISM?
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MONOTHEISM is the belief in only one God.
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What is the TORAH?
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The TORAH is the most sacred text of Judaism.
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What is a RABBI?
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A RABBI is a religious teacher in the Jewish faith.
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What is the EXODUS?
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The EXODUS is when Moses led his people out of Egypt in a journey.
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Who is the MESSIAH?
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The MESSIAH is a great leader the ancient Jews predicted would come to restore the greatness of Israel.
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What is CHRISTIANITY?
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CHRISTIANITY is the basis of a religion based on Jesus's life and teachings.
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What is the BIBLE?
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The BIBLE is the holy book of Christianity.
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What is the RESURRECTION?
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The RESURRECTION refers to Jesus's rise from the dead.
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What are DISCIPLES?
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DISCIPLES are followers of Jesus.
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What is a SAINT?
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A SAINT in the Christian faith is a person known and admired for his or her holiness.
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What is ISLAM?
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ISLAM is the basis of a religion bases on the messages that Muhammad received. In Arabic, the word Islam means "to submit to God".
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Who are MUSLIMS?
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MUSLIMS are people who follow Islam.
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Who are CHRISTIANS?
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CHRISTIANS are people who follow Christianity.
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What is the QUR'AN?
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The QUR'AN is the holy book of Islam.
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What is a MOSQUE?
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A MOSQUE is a building for Muslim prayer.
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