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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
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What happened to Canada's economy after World War I? |
Canada's economy was in a depression in the 1920s but by 1925, the economy was improving. |
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What was Canada's trade relationship with Britain and the US? How did it change? |
-Before the war, Britain was Canada's main trading partner. -US replaced Britain -US invested in natural resource extraction -Canada exported most of its natural resources to the US (Paper, wheat, metals, lumber, ect...) -Many Canadian companies were replaced by American "branch" companies. |
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What were Branch Companies in Canada? |
-US owned companies that was located in Canada -Allowed these companies to avoid duties and tariffs |
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What happened economically between Canada and the US? |
-Canada's economy was enriched by US investment -The Canadian economy became dependant on primary industries. (Extraction of raw materials) -Growth of primary industries limited the growth of secondary industries(Manufactoring of raw materials) |
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What occurred regarding alcohol in the US? How did it affect Canada? |
-Womens Christian Temperance Union succeeded in convincing the government to ban all consumption, sale and producing of alcohol -Resulted in the rise of organized crime smuggling alcohol into the US -Many Canadians smuggled alcohol into the US to make profits since by the 1920's most Canadian provinces had abandoned prohibition |
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What was urbanization? Why did it occur? |
-Farms became more mechanized, which meant less people were needed farming -More people moved to cities because of the growing manufactoring sector -Cities were the centers of business and industries, attracting more people -Rich people moved to the suburbs helped by automobiles and streetcars |
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What were the ideas of the League of Nations? |
-International cooperation: Helping one another -Arbitration: Members of the League were not allowed to go to war first until submitting their disputed to the league -Collective Security:The League would support any member that was attacked. All the members of the League would declare sanctions on the offender and in theory, the offender would have to stop because of the lack of supplies. |
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Why did the League of Nations fail? |
-World's super powers (And Germany) were not in the League. IE: US, Soviet Union, Germany -Did not have a military to enforce its will -Too idealistic |
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-Group of famous Canadian painters who rejected realism and painted unique Canadian landscapes. -Hosted an art exhibition in Halifax that contributed to the growing unique Art scene in Canada |
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How did Canadian independance grow because of the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference? |
-Because of Canada's actions on the battlefield, Canada was recognized as its own country rather than a colony of Britain. -Had own seat in the League of Nations and Paris Peace Conference -Also independantly signed the Treaty of Versailles |
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What was the significance of the Halibut treaty? |
-Treaty itself not important, how Canada negotiated that treaty was -Treaties were usually signed by a British official but this time was signed by a Canadian. -First step to Canadian autonomy in foreign affairs |
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What was presented at the Imperial Conference in 1926? What did it state? |
-The Balfour Report was presented in 1926. - Stated that Canada (And the other Dominions of Britain) were in no way subordinate to Britain -Recognized the dominions were indpendant |
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What was the Statute of Westminster? |
-Recognized the Balfour Report in law -Specified that Canada (and the dominions) were free to make their own laws without British involvement -Canada entered the British Commonwealth of Nations, which was an association of equal states based off an alliegience to the British Crown. (Members were former colonies) |
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What was the Chanak Crisis? |
-Britain sent troops to Turkey -Britian feared that the Turkish might capture the British port of Chanak, which would give them easy access to the Balkans. -Canada, for the first time, did not automatically support Britain. -Prime Minister King said that the Parliament would decide whether to send troops or not |
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What was the Red Scare? What did it cause? |
-The Red Scare was the fear of a Communist Revolution in Canada -Paranoia due to the Revolution in Russia -Caused the government to look and arrest anyone with communist literature. -Also many immigrants from Russia and Eastern Europe were accused of being socialist -Also led to the government violating habeas corpus
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How were trade unions first formed in Canada? why? |
-Cost of living in Canada had drastically increased after WW1 but wages remained the same -Workers had no employment insurance, compensation for injuries, or pensions -Workers joined together forming trade unions to bargain for improved housing, job training, and higher pay |
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How did trade unions make their demands heard by employers? |
-The employers were not compelled to negotiate with unions (The process of negotiation is called collective bargaining) -Workers organized themselves and all striked (refused to work) until conditions were met |
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What occurred during the Winnipeg General Strike? What resulted because of it? |
-30,000 workers walked off the job in Winnipeg, which led to sympathy strikes in other major cities -Strike spread from industry to industry in WInnnipeg, causing all services to shut down -Winnipeg officials banned all parades and demonstrations -Canadian government changed criminal code to deport anyone suspected of trying to start a revoluton that was born outside of Canda. -Government also sent troops to WInnipeg and the NWMP raided and arrested 10 strike leaders. |
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What was Bloody Saturday? What caused it? |
-When violence erupted in Winnipeg because of the arrest of the strike leaders. -The RCMP charged the crowd, resulting in 1 man killed, 30 injured, and hundreds arrested |
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What were the short term and long term results of the Winnipeg General strike? |
-Short term: -Some families never recovered from the financial losses and some strikers did not have jobs to go back to
-Long term: -Drew attention to the social and economic problem faced by workers -Some members of the strike became involved in politics and pro worker parties were formed (Ea: CCF, which is now known as the NDP) |
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What was the King Byng Crisis? |
-During the federal election in 1925, Prime Minister King's Liberal party won fewer seats then the Conservatives but because of the Progessive party's support, King refused to resign because he still had the majority vote. -By 1926, the Liberals begun losing the support of the Progressives because of the liquor scandal, so before being potentially defeated in parliament, King asked the Governor General King to dissolve parliament -Byng believed that King should have resigned when the conservatives won more seats then the Liberals, so Byng refused -King resigned, and the Conservative Party formed the government -However, PM of the Consevatives Arthur Meighen lost a vote in the House of Commons, leading to another election -King was re-elected |
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What was the result of the King Byng Crisis? What was significant about it? |
-The first time and only time a Governor General refused the Prime Minister's request. -The Governor General's position became less and less involved with actual politics and became more celebratory |
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How did the role of women change in the 1920s? |
-Women gained more influence -Had more control over their own lives -Had jobs that previously belonged only to men -Female organizations such as the Womens Christian Temperence Union became more influential within society (caused prohibition) |
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Who was Agnes Mcphail? |
-First female member of parliament |
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Summary of the "persons" case |
-Emily Murphy becomes first women judge in British Empire. -Lawyers challenger her right to reside, says that women were not considered "persons" under BNA act -Famous Five asks Supreme Court of Canada if "persons" includes women in BNA act -Court rules that the word "qualified persons" was not intended to apply to women - Famous Five, with help from Prime Minister King, appealed to British Privy Court - Privy Court says that persons includes both male and female, making them both elligable for Senate |
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What was Laissez Faire? How did it apply in Canada? |
-The government policy of allowing the economy to do whatever it wants -The way the Canadian economy was before WW1 -After WW1 the government began exercising more control over parts of the economy. |
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What happened to the industrialized countries' economy during 1920? |
-Experienced the boom -Economy kept expanding due to increased demands for automobiles and electric appliances until 1929 |
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What is a market economy? |
-A capitalistic economic system -Individual producers determine the type of goods and services produced and the price of those goods and services
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What were the causes of the Great Depression in Canada?? |
-Overproduction -Canada's reliance on the exportation of staple products -Canada's dependance on the US -The Stock market crash -Economic Protectionism and Tariffs -International Debts after WW1 |
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Explain the problem of Overproduction. |
-Industries were expanding at a rapid pace , producing more goods while the demand remained the same or began dwindling -Many products were left overstock -Unsold goods resulted in factory owners panicking and slowing down production or shutting down factories -Many workers were laid off, which meant that the workers had less income to spend on consumer goods -Which then again resulted in less sales -The industrial capacity of America and Canada was greater than the ability of the consumer to consume |
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Explain the problem of Canada's reliance on exporting staple problems. |
-Canada's economy would be strong as long as other countries bought their exports -However, in 1929, the US, Australia, and Argentina grew a record amount of wheat, which resulted in the price of Canada's main export dropping -This + the droughts in the 1930s resulted in a chain reaction within the Canadian economy. |
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Explain the problem with Canada's Dependence on the United States |
-40% of Canada's exports went to US -If American Economy failed, Canada's economy would as well -Most businesses in Canada were replaces by American Branch companies as well, which meant the businesses in Canada were also dependant on America's economy |
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What was "buying on margin"? How did it relate to speculation?What problems did it cause? |
-Investors would buy stocks with borrowed money, hoping that the stock would rise significantly within a short time. -This would allow the investors to pay back their debts and make a profit. -This "strategy" was based purely on prediction, or speculation -This meant that the Stock Market was dependant on money that didn't actually exist, making it extremely risky and overvalued |
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What caused the Stock Market Crash? |
-Smart investors, who realized how dangerous the stock market actually was, sold all their stocks. -This led to many other investors selling their stocks in large quantities, which led to the prices plummeting -This led to many investors becoming bankrupt with a debt that could not be paid off |
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Explain the issue of Economic Protectionism and Tariffs |
-Because the US did not depend on other countries raw materials, it became protectionist -The US raised tariffs and duties to protect the home industries from foreign industries. -Many other countries lost their export market because of this, which led to the other countries also having to pursue a protectionist policy -Trade was further reduced, making the problem worse |
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Explain the issue of International Debt after WW1 |
-Many nations were in debt to the US because of WW1 -They depended on their ability to sell products to the US to pay back debts -When the US became protectionist, international trade was reduced and they lost their ability to pay back debts. |
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How did the US react to the Great Depression? |
-President Hoover "toughened out" the depression (Refused to introduced any relief programs) -Franklin Roosevelt promised the New Deal, which were a set of relief programs meant to put Americans to work. -Roosevelt was elected, and the New Deal was put into place |
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What was "Black Tuesday"? |
-October 29, 1929 -The day the stock market crashed -Signalled the beginning of the Great Depression |
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What was Deficit FInancing? Who introduced it? |
-Proposed by John Meynard Keynes -Lack of money circulating during the Great Depression made it worse each day -Proposed Government should borrow and spend money during the bad times and pay back the borrowed money and save money during the good times. -Would give families income which could be spent on consumer goods, increasing the cash circulation $$$$$ BALLA LIFE $$$$$ -That money could be spent on employment projects that were of value (Infrastructure, ect...) |
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What were "Pogeys"? |
-Vouchers that were given to people who qualified that could be exchanged for food -Vouchers were purposefully kept under the lowest paying job to deter people from using it -Just resulted in people starving and suffering from disease because they were not sufficient |
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How did Canada react to the Great Depression? |
-King was unwilling to do anything about the Great Depression -King was defeated because of this by Bennet in the Federal Election -Bennet set up unemployment relief camps |
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What were Unemployment Relief Camps |
-Camps that single, unemployed men could perform physical labor at for $0.20 a day plus room and board |
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What was Bennet's New Deal? |
-Canadian version of Roosevelt's New Deal Introduced the following: -Progressive taxation(make mo' pay mo') -Maximum number of hours in a work week -Minimum wage introduced -Stronger working condition regulations -Unemployment insurance -Health and Accident insurance -Revised old age pension plan -Agricultural support -A marking board to regulate price of wheat |
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What caused the On-To-Ottawa trek? What was it? |
-Relief camps were not enough to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression -Frustrated workers boarded trains in Vancouver bound for Ottawa -Gained support as it crossed the country -Workers demanded "work with wages" and "real jobs"
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What was the Regina Riots? What Caused it? |
-On-To-Ottawa Trek was stopped at Regina by RCMP -Caused the Regina Riots to break out -RCMP fought the crowd, resulting in dozens of trekkers injured and one officer being beaten to death
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What was the result of the On-To-Ottawa Trek? |
-One striker met Bennet but to no avail -This caused people to begin turning against Bennet in favour of Mackenzie King |
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What happened to the Aboriginal population in Canada during the boom? |
-Were still not classified as persons under the law -Could not vote -Were very poor -Faced discrimination and hostility when searching for jobs -Many young aboriginals were traumatized by Residential schools (seperation from family, physical and emotional abuse.foreign surroundings) |
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What caused a divide within Aboriginal communities? |
-Villages were told to replace traditional leaders with resedential school graduates -Led to division between traditional supportes and those who wanted to replace them |
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What was the Potlach? What happened to it? |
-An important tradition that marked milestones in a persons life -Native missionaries saw it as an obstacle to assimilation -Banned in 1884 -After WW1, government began vigorously enforcing that law -The Chief Kwagiulth nation tried to have a potlach and was arrested |
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What were the cut off lands? |
-Land set aside for natives reserves that the government took and sold without native consent -When confronted, saying that it was against the Indian act, the Federal government changed the act so consent was not required to sell |
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What Difficulties did African Canadians face? |
-African Americans were discouraged from entering Canada -the Education act in 1918 seperated schools for "blacks" and "Europeans" in Nova Scotia -Many public buildings were closed to Black Canadians |
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What difficulties did immigrants face in Canada? |
-Immigrants from Russia and Eastern Europe were accused of being revolutionists and the government petitioned to deport them -Canadian labor groups supported immigration restrictions because immigrants were willing to work longer hours for less pay |
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What was the Canadian policy regarding Asian immigrants? |
-Excluded Chinese immigrants in Canada until 1947 |
