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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are 'inequality' and 'stratification' interchangeable? |
Inequality refers to the differences in people in relation to their abilities and rewards. Stratification is a consequence of inequality and is we hen people are ranked hierarchically in terms of their abilities and rewards. |
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What systems of social stratification can be identified? |
Slavery, Caste, Estates, Social class |
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Common forms of modern Slavery: |
Bonded Labour: person forced into poverty or tricked into taking small loan for survival
Forced Labour: Forced to work under threat of violence or other punishment
Forced Marriage: Girls and women married without choice; forced into servitude
Human Trafficking |
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How many Daliks (untouchables) are there estimated to be in India? |
200 - 500 Million |
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Three major estates in medieval Europe |
Aristocracy - headed by the divine monarch
Priesthood
Commoners
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How does social class differ from previous forms of social stratification? |
- not fixed by religion/law or custom
- Social mobility can happen
- It is determined by economic positioning |
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What is the ideal outcome for a society where positioning is determined by economics? |
A hierarchal system based on achievement and ability rather than economics, tradition etc. (Meritocracy) |
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How according to Berger, does religion have a special authority when acting as an ideology of justification? |
It acts as a cohesive between empirical society's precariously created realities and ultimate reality |
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Outlines of Naturalist approaches to social stratification |
Social classes are natural groupings of people
The idea that the aristocracy had blue blood shows they're naturally born to rule |
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What are the three perspectives the purpose and consequences of inequality can be viewed from? |
Functionalist Libertarian Egalitarian |
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Why did Durkheim argue against the inheritance of property? |
It gave an unfair advantage to the children of the wealthy, going against his meritocratic thinking; people should be rewarded for their skill & effort. |
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Why did Durkheim argue against the inheritance of property? |
It gave an unfair advantage to the children of the wealthy, going against his meritocratic thinking; people should be rewarded for their skill & effort. |
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Why do Davis & Moore argue that stratification is not only inevitable but also functional? |
In any society that requires its most important tasks to be carried out efficiently. |
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To Talcott Parson's what is 'spontaneous order' the result of? |
Market forces
Social consensus- the most important skills are valued higher and thus the people with them a re rewarded more efficiently |
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Libertarian model views: |
An open and free market for all talents; those with the most marketable skills can thus be rewarded for their skill & will be motivated to work harder. |
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Libertarian model views: |
An open and free market for all talents; those with the most marketable skills can thus be rewarded for their skill & will be motivated to work harder. |
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Neo-liberal economists have argue...? |
Unequal reward is beneficial as it sponsors technological innovation, by encouraging self- interest and competition |
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Libertarian model views: |
An open and free market for all talents; those with the most marketable skills can thus be rewarded for their skill & will be motivated to work harder. |
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Neo-liberal economists have argue...? |
Unequal reward is beneficial as it sponsors technological innovation, by encouraging self- interest and competition |
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From the Libertarian perspective why is capitalism the best system? |
It is dynamic, allowing for the hardest working and most talented to gain the highest rewards, while penalising lazy and feckless people |
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Libertarian model views: |
An open and free market for all talents; those with the most marketable skills can thus be rewarded for their skill & will be motivated to work harder. |
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Neo-liberal economists have argue...? |
Unequal reward is beneficial as it sponsors technological innovation, by encouraging self- interest and competition |
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From the Libertarian perspective why is capitalism the best system? |
It is dynamic, allowing for the hardest working and most talented to gain the highest rewards, while penalising lazy and feckless people |
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Why do many writers (such as Hayek 76, Nozick 74) argue against tampering with the 'spontaneous order'? |
They believe it will only reduce the 'social energy' produced by the reward system of capitalism |
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Hayek (1976) argument for capitalism |
The argument is about freedom not fairness, those with rare skills & talents will be rewarded highly, but there is no guarantee this will happen. People should make the most of their talents and reap rewards so long as they do not exploit others or break the law |
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According to the Egalitarian perspective how are the 'natural' differences in society actually made? |
The differences are created via, social privileges and disadvantages that are inherent in an unequal society and reinforced by educational differences |
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According to the Egalitarian perspective how are the 'natural' differences in society actually made? |
The differences are created via, social privileges and disadvantages that are inherent in an unequal society and reinforced by educational differences |
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Egalitarian suggests unfair inequality promotes what? |
Unfair inequality promotes a dysfunctional world, where the mc and rc enjoy superiority and the etc are resentful of their failure |
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With whom is the Egalitarian view most associated with? |
The political left and a substantial number of progressive sociologists |
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Chomsky's view on unequal rewards |
Wealth and power are often held by those who are ruthless, cunning, self-seeking, lacking in sympath and willing to abandon principle for material gains |
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From the Egalitarian perspective, stratification doesn't reward individual merit, instead it encourages what? |
. Self- perpetuating elites . A system of privilege giving through inheritance |
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According to, Crompton, the modern world views class as? |
A concept in the exploration of contemporary stratification systems. |
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Marx argues class does what for society? |
Provides understanding for how society and history interact and maintains social order alongside the dynamics of social change. |
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The working class is not only a category according to Marx it is also a ...? |
A culture within which people with similar experiences and views join. |
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To Weber why can't inequality be the only source of societal stratification? |
Power is the primary relationship between unequal groups in soceity. |
