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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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prejudice
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a negative feeling toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group
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a feeling-Affect
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racism
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prejudiced attitudes toward a particular race
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keyword
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aversive racism
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simultaneously holding egalitarian values and negative feelings toward minorities
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discrimination
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unequal treatment of different people based on the groups or categories to which they belong
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unequal treatment
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stereotypes
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beliefs that associate groups of people with certain traits
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subtypes
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categories that people use for individuals who do not fit a general stereotype
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categorization
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the natural tendency of humans to sort objects into groups
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social categorization
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the process of sorting people into groups on the basis of characteristics they have in common (e.g., race, gender, age, religion, sexual orientation)
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outgroup members
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people who belong to a different group or category than we do
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ingroup members
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people who belong to the same group or category as we do
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outgroup homogeneity bias
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the assumption that outgroup members are more similar to one another than ingroup members are to one another
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ingroup favoritism
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preferential treatment of, or more favorable attitudes toward, people in one's own group
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minimal group effect
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people show favoritism toward ingroup members even when group membership is randomly determined
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superordinate goals
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goals that can be achieved only by cooperation and working with others
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realistic conflict theory
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competition over scarce resources leads to intergroup hostility and conflict
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competition
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situation in which people can attain their goals only if others do not
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cooperation
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situation in which people must work together with others to help all achieve their goals
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discontinuity effect
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groups are more extreme, and often more hostile, than individuals
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contact hypothesis
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regular interaction between members of different groups reduces prejudice, providing that it occurs under favorable conditions
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salience
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being obvious or standing out
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scapegoat theory
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blaming problems and misfortunes on outgroups contributes to negative attitudes toward these outgroups
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self-serving bias
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the tendency for people to take credit for success but refuse blame for problems and failures
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lexical decision task
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deciding as quickly as possible whether a string of letters is a real word or not
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confirmation bias
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the tendency to focus more on evidence that supports one's expectations than on evidence that contradicts them
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jigsaw classroom
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a cooperative learning technique for reducing feelings of prejudice
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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a prediction that ensures, by the behavior it generates, that it will come true
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self-defeating prophecy
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a prediction that ensures, by the behavior it generates, that it will not come true
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stereotype threat
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the fear that one might confirm the stereotypes that others hold
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ignorance
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people who have very little contact with other groups have no information about them, and so they attempt to fill the gap by forming stereotypes
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rationalization for oppression
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to retain their status, powerful groups justify and rationalize prejudice against less powerful groups
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keyword
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stereotypes as heuristics
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to simplify the world, people often rely on stereotypes as mental shortcuts or heuristics
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prejudice boosts self-esteem
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people can feel better about themselves if they consider their own group superior and all other groups inferior
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Affect
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