Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How can insufficient punishment cause dissonance?
|
To keep society running smoothly, we have developed rules and laws that all must obey. People who break rules and laws are punished.
|
|
|
What are the results of the Aronson and Carlsmith forbidden toy study?
|
The group that had been given a mild threat lowered thier thoughts of how much they liked the toy. Children with a severe threat (spanking) did not play with they toy either but still liked the toy.
|
|
|
What are the results or the Freedman follow-up toy study?
|
The children's attitudes changed towards the toy that were mildly threatened. The children were motivated to convince themselves the toy was undesirable due to insufficient external justification.
|
|
|
A larger reward or severe punishment causes an external justification which then produces a ?
|
Temporary change
|
|
|
A small reward or mild punishment causes internal justification which then produces a ?
|
Lasting change
|
|
|
One's self-concept can be threatened by another's behavior
|
Self-evaluation maintenance theory
|
|
|
People may reduce dissonance by affirming their competence on some dimension unrelated to the threat
|
Self-affirmation theory
|
|
|
People have a need to seek confirmation of their self-concept
|
Self-verification theory
|
|
|
Evaluation of people, objects, and ideas
|
Attitudes
|
|
|
What are the ABS's of attitudes?
|
A-affect
B-behavior C-cognition Affect is more strongly correlated with behavior |
|
|
Attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report.
|
Explicit attitudes
|
|
|
Attitudes that are involuntary, uncontrollable, and at times unconscious
|
Implicit attitudes
|
|
|
What needs are fulfilled by holding attitudes and why?
|
Our need to understand, the need to belong, and the need for self-esteem because expressing attitudes can lead to a sense of being a good group member
|
|
|
The phenomenon whereby a stimulus that elicits an emotional response is repeatedly paired with a neutral stimulus that does not, until the neutral stimulus takes on the emotional properties of the first stimulus
|
Classical conditioning
|
|
|
The phenomenon whereby behaviors that people freely choose to perform increase or decrease in frequency, depending on whether they are followed by positive reinforcement or punishment
|
Operant conditioning
|
|
|
What are the 2 steps of attitude change in the McGuire's model?
|
1. initial reception of message composed of exposure, attention, and comprehension
2. yielding which requires acceptin and using the message |
|
|
The idea that the best predictors of a person's planned, deliberate behaviors are the person's attitudes toward specific behaviors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control
|
Theory of Planned Behavior
|
|
|
An explanation of the two ways in which persuasive communications can cause attitude change either systematically processing the merits fo the arguments or using mental shortcuts (heuristics).
|
Heuristic-systematic model of persuasion
|
|
|
The tendency to change our opinions or behaviors in ways that are consistent with social norms or group pressures
|
Conformity
|
|
|
Conforming to other people's behavior out of a genuine belief that what they are doing or saying is right
|
Private acceptance
|
|
|
Conforming to other people's behavior publicly without necessarily believing in what we are doing or saying
|
Public compliance
|
|
|
The rapid spread of emotions or behaviors through a crowd
|
Contagion
|
|
|
The occurrence, in a group of people, of similar physical symptoms with no known physical cause
|
Mass psychogenic illness
|
|
|
Repay in kind what another person has given us
|
Reciprocation
|
|
|
Real request is prefaced by one so large that it is rejected; real request seen as a concession
|
Door-in-the-face technique
|
|
|
Real request is preceded by first getting compliance with a much smaller request
|
Foot-in-the-door technique
|
|
|
What basic needs lead us to conform?
|
The need to belong, the need to understand
|
|
|
The influence of other people that leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information to guide our behavior; we conform because we believe that others' interpretation of an ambiguoug situation is more correct than ours and will help us choose an appropriate course of action
|
Informational Social Influence
|
|
|
The influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them; this type of conformity results results in public compliance with the group's beliefs and behaviors but not necessarily private acceptance of those beliefs and behaviors
|
Normative Social Influence
|
