Social Psychology Exam 1

Front 1

Internal Validity

Back 1

Extent to which an experiment allows confident statements about cause and effect.

Front 2

External Validity

Back 2

Extent to which the result of an experiment can be generalized to other circumstances.

Front 3

Sociocultural Perspective

Back 3

Thereotical viewpoint that searches for the causes of social behavior in influences from larger social groups. Driven by forces in larger social groups. Norms, social class, nationality, fads; norms (rule/expectation for behavior) and culture

Front 4

Evolution Perspective

Back 4

Searches for the causes of social behavior in the physical and psychological predispositions that helped our ancestors survive and reproduce. Driven by genetic predispositions inherited from our ancestors that promoted their survival and reproduction like, to recognize an angry face and for mother to feel protective of children.

Front 5

Self-reports

Back 5

Participants disclose their thoughts, feelings, desires, and actions. Problems: not always accurate and misleading, affected by the way in which questions are asked, can be inaccurate because memories for past thoughts, behaviors maybe suspect.

Front 6

Observational Measures

Back 6

Importance of interrater reliability. Can be done by humans or machines. Avoids faulty recollections adn distorted interpretations of each behaviors.

Front 7

Descriptive Research

Back 7

Goal is to describe people and their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.. observational studies, archival studies, surveys

Front 8

Correltional Research

Back 8

Goal is to learn about relationship between variables. Can study the association of naturally occurring variables that cannot be manipulated or induced, examine phenomena difficult or unethical to create for research purposes, freedom in settings in which the variables are measured, correlation does not equal causation.

Front 9

Experimental Research

Back 9

Cause and effect relationships: 1. researchers have control over the experimental preocedures 2. participants are ranomly assigned to different treatment conditions

Front 10

Experiments

Back 10

In settings: the environment cna be controlled and the participants can be carefully studied

Front 11

Field Experiments

Back 11

Real world settings + people are more likely to act natural - experimenter has less control

Front 12

Random Assignment

Back 12

Practice of assigning subjects to treatment so each subject has an equal chance of being in any condition.

Front 13

Internal Validity

Back 13

Extent to which an experiment allows confident statements about cuase and effects.

Front 14

External Validity

Back 14

Extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to other circumstances.

Front 15

Ethics

Back 15

Researchers have a moral and legal responsibility to abide by ethical principles, use of deception, role of Institutional Review Boards. 1. Obtaining informed consent 2. Fully debriefing subjects after the research is completed 3. Evaluating the costs and benefits of the research procedures

Front 16

Self-esteem

Back 16

Specific attitude we have toward ourselves.

Front 17

Self-concept

Back 17

Sum total of beliefs that people have about themselves, from self-schemas.

Front 18

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Back 18

Sensory feedback from the facial muscles will lead to subjective feelings of emotion that correspond to the particular facial pattern.

Front 19

Individualism

Back 19

One's culture values the virtues of independence , autonomy, and self-reliance (personal achievement)

Front 20

Collectivism

Back 20

One's culture values the virtues of interdependence, cooperation, and social harmony (people derive more satisfaction from the status of the valued group)

Front 21

Self-regulation

Back 21

Process by which we seek to control or alter our toughts, feelings, behaviors, and urges.

Front 22

Ironic Processes

Back 22

Wegner: The harder we try to inhibit a thought, feeling, or behavior the less likely we are to succeed.

Front 23

Self-serving

Back 23

People tend to take credit for success and distance themselves from failure.

Front 24

Self-handicapping

Back 24

Behaviors designed to sabotage ones' own performance in order to provide subsequent excuse for failure.

Front 25

Basking on the Glory of Others

Back 25

To raise our self-esteem we often bask in reflected glory "BIRG" by associating with others who are successful. To protect our self-esteem, we will "cut off reflected failure" (CORF) by distancing ourselves from others who fail or are of low status.

Front 26

Self-monitoring

Back 26

Tendency to regulate one's own behavior to meet the demands of the situation. High self monitors - sensitive no strategic self-presentation concerns & Low self monitors - more concerned with self verification

Front 27

Private

Back 27

"inner" self awareness with paranoia

Front 28

Public

Back 28

"outer"self awareness

Front 29

Perceptions

Back 29

1st impressions are often subtly influenced by a person's appearance, we judge people based on facial features by traits from faces and judge "baby-faced" adults differently

Front 30

Nonverbal Behavior

Back 30

Behavioral cues used to identify a person' inner states, as well as his/her emotions. Like facial expressions of emotions, body language, eye contact or gaze, physical touch, cultural differences.

Front 31

Heuristics

Back 31

Cognitive are information-processing rules of thumb. Problem is that using cognitive heuristics can frequently lead to error. Availability is the tendency to estimate the likelihood that an event will occur by how easily instances of it come to mind.

Front 32

Social Psychology

Back 32

How people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by other people. It is goal oriented, the behavior.

Front 33

Fundamental Motives

Back 33

Surface level are day to day goals like studying to the broadest = fundamental motives 1. to establish social ties 2. to understand ourselves and others 3. to gain and maintain status 4. to defend ourselves and those we value 5.to attract and retain mates

Front 34

Scientific Method

Back 34

Systematic observation/description, measurement, explanation/prediction

Front 35

Basic REsearch

Back 35

Goal is to increase our understanding of human behavior.

Front 36

Applied REsearch

Back 36

Goal is to enlarge our understanding of naturally occurring events.

Front 37

Conceptual Variables

Back 37

Abstract or general variables.

Front 38

Operational Definitions

Back 38

Specific how the conceptual varialbe will be manipulated or measured.

Front 39

Construct Validity

Back 39

Used to evaluate the manipulation and measurement of variables. Extent to which: the manipulations in an experiment really manipulater the conceptual variables they were designed to manipulate. Measures in study really measure conceptual variables.