Social Psychology Exam 1

Front 1

Fundamental Axioms

Back 1

1) Social Action is goal oriented at several levels
2) People create their own reality

Front 2

levels of goals that can motivate social action

Back 2

Proximate or day-to-day and Ultimate or long term

Front 3

Conscious system

Back 3

performs complex operations (often unlearned ones, like writing with your non-dominant hand

Front 4

Automatic System

Back 4

Outside of conciousness, simple to the individual

Front 5

Implicit Egotism

Back 5

People unsconciously favor things that are somehow linked to them (Name Letter Effect)

Front 6

Motivated Tactician

Back 6

Person/thing that slowly and deliberately weighs all available info before reaching a decision

Front 7

Cognitive Misers

Back 7

Conserving cognitive resources

Front 8

Social Judgement/Cognition

Back 8

how we interpret, analyse, remember, and use info about the social world

Front 9

Schemas

Back 9

script for how people should act/how situations should unfold

Front 10

Why use schemas?

Back 10

1) Tell us what info to look for (what is normal/appropriate)
2) Guides memory by telling us what probably happened (violations of schemas stand out in our minds)

Front 11

Ironic Processes

Back 11

When you try not to think about something, you think about it more and vice versa (white bears!)

Front 12

Hindsight Bias

Back 12

Projection of new knowledge into past, accompanied by a denial that the outcome info influenced judgement

Front 13

Causal Thinking

Back 13

We want to make sense of the world so we reinterpret the meaning/relevance of past info

Front 14

Poverty of Introspection

Back 14

essential lack of understanding about how cognition works and why we make decision we did

Front 15

Importance of Inconsistent Info

Back 15

people balance info evenly even when it's unbalanced (9 positive info + 1 negative)
people focus on contradictory info

Front 16

Automatic Vigilance

Back 16

automatic sensitivity to negative (saber-tooth tiger) so that we can resolve this

Front 17

Heuristics

Back 17

intuitive mental operations that allow you to make a variety of judgments quickly

Front 18

Representativeness Heuristic

Back 18

Likelihood that something is true based on its similarity to a generic prototype

Front 19

Availability Heuristic

Back 19

Judgement of frequency based on how easy it is to recall pertinent instances

Front 20

Counterfactual Thinking

Back 20

"what if" thoughts

Front 21

Upward/Downward Counterfactual Thinking

Back 21

Imagining if situation was better (up) or worse (down)

--up good if situation will occur again (motivation)
--down good if situation cannot be improved (emotion regulation)

Front 22

Stereotypes

Back 22

beliefs about attributes that are characteristic of a particular group

Front 23

Prejudice

Back 23

Negative attitude toward certain group and its members

Front 24

Discrimintation

Back 24

Unfair treatment of individual based on their membership in a group

Front 25

Realistic Group Conflict Theory

Back 25

When resources plentiful, discrimination decreases and vice versa

Front 26

Outgroup Homogeneity

Back 26

Outgroups perceived to be more homogeneous than your ingroup

Front 27

Intergroup Anxiety

Back 27

People more comfortable with members of their ingroup (because the ingroup is easier to predict)

Front 28

Social Identity Theory

Back 28

people seek to enhance their own own self-esteem by favoring ingroups over outgroups

Front 29

Illusory Correlation

Back 29

false belief that uncommon events are related when they're not

Front 30

Confirmation Bias

Back 30

look for evidence to confirm hypothesis (Hannah Study)

Front 31

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Back 31

hypothesis causes attitude which causes expected behavior

Front 32

Effects of Prejudice (why is self esteem higher?)

Back 32

1) Outgroup can blame the ingroup
2) Outgroups change criteria on which they measure themselves
3) Compare with other members of group

Front 33

Consequences of higher self esteem

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--prejudice always becomes excuse for failure
--success undermines the group
--successful member may be subtyped
--other outgroups also pressured not to succeed

Front 34

Stereotype Threat

Back 34

performance decreases if participant reminded that they're a member of a group with a negative stereotype

Front 35

Token Status

Back 35

if only person of a group, you're more aware of others in group, but perform worse

Front 36

Pluralistic Ignorance

Back 36

that thing where you don't ask a question because you think everyone else gets it, but they're all doing the same thing

Front 37

Primacy/recency effect

Back 37

influence on judgement resulting from the way info is presented (you remember first and last stuff best) (restore what's lost vs grow more trees)

Front 38

Framing Effect

Back 38

influence on judgement resulting from the way info is presented

Front 39

Construal Level Theory

Back 39

distant things are abstract, near things are concrete

Front 40

Base Rate info

Back 40

info about relative frequency of events

Front 41

Attribution theory

Back 41

umbrella term to describe set of theoretical accounts of how people assign causes to the events around the,

Front 42

Discounting principle

Back 42

People assign reduced weight to a particular cause of behavior if there are other plausible causes that may've produced that behavior

Front 43

Paired Distinctiveness

Back 43

pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even more because they co-occur