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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prejudice |
Negative emotional responses based on group membership |
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Discrimination |
Differential (usually negative ) behaviors directed toward members of different social group |
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Risk averse |
We weight possible losses more heavily than equivalent potential gain. As a result, we respond more negatively to changes that are framed as potential losses than positively to changes that are framed as potential gains |
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Stereotypes |
Beliefs about social groups in terms of the traits or characteristics that they are believed to share. Stereotypes are cognitive frameworks that influence the processing of social information |
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Gender stereotypes |
Stereotypes concerning the traits possessed by females and males and that distinguish the two genders from each other |
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Glass ceiling |
Barriers based on attitudinal or organizational bias that prevent qualified females from advancing to top level positions |
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Glass cliff effect |
Choosing women for leadership positions that are risky, precarious, or when the outome is more likely to result in failure |
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Objectification of female |
Regarding them as mere bodies rhat exist for the pleasure of others |
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Tokenism |
Refer to hiring based on group membership. It can concern a numerically infrequent presence of members of a particular category or it can refer to instances where individuals perform trip ial positive actions for members of out groups that are later used as an excuse for refusing more meaningful beneficial actions for members of these groups |
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Shifting standards |
When we use one group as standard but shift to use another group as comparison standard when judging members of different group |
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Objective scales |
Those with measurement units that are time to external reality so that they mean the same thing regardless of category membership |
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Subjective scales |
Response scales that are open to interpretation and lack an internally grounded referent including scales labeled from good to bad or weak to strong they are said to be subjective because they can take on different meanings depending on the group membership of the person being evaluated |
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Singlism |
Negative stereotyping and discrimination directed toward people who are single |
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Subtype |
A subset of a group that is not consistent with the stereotype of the group as a whole |
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Essence |
Typically Some Biologically Based Feature That is Used To Distinguish One Group And Another Frequently Can Serve As Justification For Differential Treatment Of those Groups |
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Minimal groups |
When we are categorized into different groups based on some minimal criteria we tend to favor others who are categorized in the same group as ourselves compared to those categorized as members of a different group |
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Incidental feelings |
Those feelings induced separately or before a target is encountered as a result those feelings are irrelevant to the group being judged but can still affect judgments of the target |
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Implicit association |
Links between group membership and trait associations or evaluations that the perceived may be unaware of. They can be activated automatically based on the group membership of a target |
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Threat |
It primarily concerns fear that our group interests will be undermined of our self esteem is in jeopardy |
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Zero sum outcomes |
Those that only one person or group canbhavr. So if one group gets them the other group can't |
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Realistic Conflict THEORY |
The view that prejudice stems from direct competition between various social groups over scare and valued resources |
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Superordinate goals |
Those that can only be achieved by cooperation between groups |
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Social identity theory |
A theory concerned with the consequences of perceiving ourselves as member of a social group and identifying with it |
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Modern racism |
More subtle beliefs than blatant feelings of superiority. It consists primarily of thinking minorities are seeking and receiving more benefits than they deserve and a denial that discrimination affects their outcomes |
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Bona fide pipeline |
A technique that uses priming to measure implicit racial attitudes |
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Collective guilt |
The emotion that can be experienced when we are confronted with the harmful actions done by our ingroup against an outfroup. It is most likely to be experienced when the harmful action are seen as illegitimate |
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Moral disengagement |
No longer seeing sanctioning as necessary for perpetrating harm that has been legitimized |
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Social learning view of prejudice |
The view that prejudice is acquired through direct and vicarious experiences in much the same manner as other attitudes |
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Contact hypothesis |
The view that increased contact between members of various social groups can be effective in reducing prejudice between them |
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Recategorization |
Shifts in the boundaries between our group and some outgroup. As a result of such recategorization people formerly viewed as out group members may now be viewed as belonging to the ingroup and consequently are viewed more positively |
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Common ingroup identity |
A theory suggesting that to the extent individuals in different groups view themselves as members of a single social entity interrupted bias will be reduced |
