Social Psychology Chapter 3

Front 1

Social Perception

Back 1

The process through which we seek to know and understand other people.

Front 2

Nonverbal Communication

Back 2

Communication between individuals that does not involve the content of spoken language. It relies instead on an unspoken language of facial expressions, eye contact, and body language.

Front 3

Attribution

Back 3

The process through which we seek to identify the causes of others' behavior and so gain knowledge of their stable traits and dispositions.

Front 4

Impression Formation

Back 4

The process through which we form impressions of others.

Front 5

Impression Management (Self-Presentation)

Back 5

Efforts by individuals to produce favorable first impressions on others.

Front 6

Staring

Back 6

A form of eye contact in which one person continues to gaze steadily at another regardless of what the recipient does.

Front 7

Body Language

Back 7

Cues provided by the position, posture, and movement of others' bodies or body parts.

Front 8

Microexpressions

Back 8

Fleeting facial expressions lasting only a few tenths of a second.

Front 9

Linguistic Style

Back 9

Aspects of speech apart from the meaning of the words employed.

Front 10

Correspondent Inference

Back 10

A theory describing how we use others' behavior as a basis for inferring their stable dispositions.

Front 11

Noncommon Effects

Back 11

Effects produced by a particular cause that could not be produced by any other apparent cause.

Front 12

Consensus

Back 12

The extent to which other people react to some stimulis or even in the same manner as the person we are considering.

Front 13

Consistency

Back 13

The extent to which an individual responds to a given stimulus or situation in the same way on different occasions (i.e. across time).

Front 14

Distinctiveness

Back 14

The extent to which an individual responds in the same manner to different stimuli or events.

Front 15

Action Identification

Back 15

The level of interpretation we place on an action; low-level interpretations focus on the action itself, while higher-level interpretations focus on its ultimate goals.

Front 16

Correspondence Bias (Fundamental Attribution Error)

Back 16

The tendency to explain others' actions as stemming from dispositions even in the presence of clear situational causes.

Front 17

Fundamental Attribution Error (Correspondence Bias)

Back 17

The tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional cues on others' behaviors.

Front 18

Actor-Observer Effect

Back 18

The tendency to attribute our own behavior mainly to situational causes but the behavior or others mainly to internal (dispositional) causes.

Front 19

Self-Serving Bias

Back 19

The tendency to attribute positive outcomes to internal causes (e.g. one's own traits or characteristics) but negative outcomes or events to external causes (e.g. chance, task, difficulty).

For example: A student takes a test and gets an A, so they attribute that to their own ability. However, if they got a D, they would attribute the grade to being unable to concentrate, or the teacher's fault.

Front 20

Implicit Personality Theories

Back 20

Beliefs about which traits or characteristics tend to go together.