Social Psychology Ch 12 Groups

Front 1

group

Back 1

two or more persons who influence each other

Front 2

social facilitation(დახმარება) theory

Back 2

we perform better on a simple task and perform worse on a complex task because of presence of others

Front 3

de-individualisation

Back 3

in groups people lose the feeling o f an individual identity.because of this it is easier to behave in a certain way that is contradictory to your values and norms.

The process of losing one’s sense of personal identity, which makes it easier to behave in ways inconsistent with one’s normal values.

Front 4

dynamic system

Back 4

according to soc psychology group can be seen as a dynamic system.

Group members continuously influence each other

Front 5

injunctive norms

Back 5

groups developed expectations about how group members should behave and when someone receives approval or disapproval

Front 6

role

Back 6

these are expectations about how special group members should behave, for example president

Front 7

status hierarchy

Back 7

groups have a ranking of the group members

Front 8

communication network

Back 8

the pattern of an information flow in a group

Front 9

cohensiveness

Back 9

group members are strongly connected with each other

translation of cohensiveness:the situation when the members of a group or society are united:

Front 10

3 reasons people want to belong to a group

Back 10

-getting things done

-making accurate decisions

-receiving leadership

Front 11

social loafing

Back 11

people make less effort when the group becomes bigger

Front 12

social loafing v.s social facilitation

Back 12

Front 13

trans active memory

Back 13

knowledge, individual members of a group or organisation have, and the communication network for sharing this knowledge with other members

Front 14

group polarization

Back 14

after discussing a topic, the average opinion of group members becomes more extreme than before the discussion.

risky shift- the group is more risky than the average individual. after discussing , people take more risks

cautious shift- the group is more careful that the average individual. after discussing , people become more cautious.

Front 15

groupthinking

Back 15

members of the group find it more important to agree with each other than to look for alternative perspectives in a critical way. that can lead to a non accurate decision.

Front 16

transformational leaders

Back 16

some leaders dont adjust to the group, but makes sure that the group adjusts to the leader( hitler).

such leader makes sure that motivations, perspectives and the behavior of the followers change, so the group is able to achieve the goals of the leader.

Front 17

collective effort model

Back 17

You work harder when(review > 150 studies):

1.Making personal efforts identifiable2.Making the task meaningful and important

3.Making it clear that personal efforts will lead to a better group performance4.Increasing group’s interpersonal cohesiveness

Front 18

minority influence

Back 18

Minorities have influence when:

•Strong arguments(+ accuracy motivation)•Persistence

•Once held majority position

•At least some support from others

Front 19

preventing goupthinking

Back 19

•Consult outsiders

•Devil’s advocate, skepticism

•Second-chance meetings: any doubts?Preventing Groupthink

Front 20

Common knowledge effect

Back 20

Groups discuss mainly information that is generally available(common knowledge)In the final decision, communal information has more influence64

Front 21

advanages and disadvantages of being a boss

Back 21

Front 22

see last slides well

Back 22

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