Social Psychology Alive Ch. 4

Front 1

Actor Observer Difference

Back 1

A pattern of differences in attributions in which actors tend to make external attributions for their own behavior, whereas observers tend to make internal attributions for the same actions.

Front 2

Actual Self

Back 2

A conception of the self describing our perception of how we really are.

Front 3

Attributions

Back 3

Causal judgments about why an even or behavior occurred

Front 4

Augmentation Principle

Back 4

A rule of attribution that states that the perceived role of a cause will be augmented if other factors are present that would work against the behavior.

Front 5

Bias' Blind Spot

Back 5

We think errors and mistakes are more common for other people than for ourselves.

Front 6

Collectivist Cultures

Back 6

Cultures in which people are seen as interdependent beings who should contribute to harmonious group functioning.

Front 7

Correspondence Bias

Back 7

The tendency to assume that people's actions and words reflect their personality, their attitudes, or some other internal factor, rather than external or situational factors.

Front 8

Covariation Model of Attribution

Back 8

An attribution theory proposing that we make casual judgments by determining whether a particular behavior correlated with a person, a situation, or some combination of persons and situations.

Front 9

Discounting Principle

Back 9

A rule of attribution that states that the perceived role of a cause will be discounted if other plausible causes are also present.

Front 10

Display Rules

Back 10

Norms in a culture for how and when emotions should be expressed.

Front 11

Downward Social Comparison

Back 11

Compare ourselves to people who are less skilled or worse off in some way.

Front 12

False Consensus Effect

Back 12

The tendency to assume that other people share our own attitudes and behaviors to a greater extent than is actually the case.

Front 13

False Hope Syndrome

Back 13

Repeatedly but unsuccessfully trying to reach a goal because of unrealistic expectations about how likely person is to succeed.

Front 14

Ideal Self.

Back 14

A conception of the self describing our perception of how we would ideally like to be.

Front 15

Illusions of Control

Back 15

We tend to overestimate how much control we have over events.

Front 16

Impression Management

Back 16

Self presentation

Front 17

Individualist Cultures

Back 17

Cultures in which people are seen as independent beings who possess stable abilities, traits, and attitudes.

Front 18

Ingratiation

Back 18

Behavior designed to make someone like us.

Front 19

Learned Helplessness

Back 19

Feel apathetic state of giving up.

Front 20

Looking Glass Self

Back 20

Internalize other peoples' judgments of us into our own self concept.

Front 21

Nonverbal Behavior

Back 21

Actions and cues that communicate meaning in ways other than by words.

Front 22

Ought Self

Back 22

A conception of ourselves describing our perception of how we think we ought to be.

Front 23

Overjustification Effect

Back 23

We infer that we performed some activity or task for the reward, not because we enjoyed it.

Front 24

Relative Deprivation

Back 24

A feeling of anger or resentment about one's own outcomes based on comparisons with better off others.

Front 25

Self Descrepancy Theory

Back 25

A theory proposing that perceived differences between the actual and ideal self causes depression, and the actual and ought self causes anxiety.

Front 26

Self Efficacy

Back 26

The belief that you are able to perform the needed steps to reach a certain goal.

Front 27

Self Handicapping

Back 27

The tendency to seek, create, or claim inhibitory factors that interfere with performance and thus provide an explanation for potential failure.

Front 28

Self Handicapping Scale

Back 28

A scale that measures how often people engage in self handicapping behavior.

Front 29

Self Perception Theory

Back 29

A theory proposing that we often judge our own internal states by reviewing our past behavior and inferring internal states consistent with out behavior unless there were clear external causes of our behavior.

Front 30

Self Presentation

Back 30

The deliberate control of our public behavior to create a certain impression.

Front 31

Self Promotion

Back 31

Behavior designed to make someone respect us.

Front 32

Social Comparison

Back 32

Process of comparing to others to judge ourselves.

Front 33

Self Comparison Orientation

Back 33

A disposition that represents how often people engage in social comparison

Front 34

Upward Social Comparison

Back 34

Compare ourselves to people who are more skilled or better off in some way.