Social Psychology

Front 1

What is stigma consciousness?

Back 1

A readiness to perceive negative outcomes as a result of our devalued friendship. or a readiness to see negative outcomes due to discrimination.

Front 2

What is self efficacy?

Back 2

the belief that we can achieve a goal as a result of our own actions.

ex. negotiation

Front 3

What is self esteem?

Back 3

The degree to which we perceive ourselves positively or negatively; our overall attitude toward ourselves. It can be measured explicitly or implicitly.

Front 4

What is explicit?


What is implicit?

Back 4

consciously accessible attitudes that are controllable and easy to report

unconscious associations between objects and evaluative responses.

Front 5

What is social identity?

Back 5

addresses how we respond when our group identity is salient. suggests that we will move closer to positive others with whom we share and identity but distance from other ingroup members who perform poorly or otherwise make our social identity negative.

Front 6

What is salience?

Back 6

when someone or some object stands out from its background or is the focus of attention. can affect much in terms of how we perceive and respond to others.

Front 7

what is personal-versus- social identity continuum?

Back 7

This signifies the two distinct ways that we can categorize ourselves. At the personal level, we can be thought of as a unique individual, whereas at the social identity level we think of the self as a member of a group.

Front 8

what is the social comparison theory?

Back 8

we seek to learn about our own identity by comparing ourselves without an objective standard (festinger)

Front 9

upward social comparison

Back 9

a comparison of the self to another who does better than or is superior to us.

Front 10

downward social comparison

Back 10

A comparison of the self to another who does less well than or is inferior to us.

Front 11

what is the self serving bias?

Back 11

we want to feel positive about ourselves so we use above average effect which is the tendency for people to rate themselves above average on most positive social attributes.

Front 12

what is stereotype threat?

Back 12

when people believe that they might be judged in light of a negative stereotype about their group or that because of their performance they may in some way confirm a negative stereotype of their group.

Front 13

when are attitudes most likely to influence behavior?

Back 13

ask kacee

Front 14

Where do the strongest attitudes an individual has typically come from?

Back 14

Persuasion through communication, membership in a new group, increased familiarity with an object

Front 15

Fishbein and Azjen's theory of planned behavior

Back 15

Attitudes towards specific behaviors provide the best predictor of behavior. (look at diagram in notes)

Front 16

attractive communicators

Back 16

ask kacee

Front 17

persuasion

Back 17

efforts to change others' attitudes through the use of various kinds of messages.

Front 18

What are fear appeals, and what are their effects on behavior

Back 18

attempting to change people's behaviors by use of message that induces fear. mild fear results in an increase of that certain behavior and the most fear results in a lesser increase of that behavior.

Front 19

What is the central root to persuasion

Back 19

attitude change resulting from systematic processing of information presented in persuasive messages.

Front 20

heuristic-systematic model of persuasion

Back 20

ask

Front 21

Distractions and their effects on persuasion

Back 21

ask

Front 22

what is reactance?

Back 22

Negative reactions to threats to one's personal freedom. Reactance often increases to persuasion and can even produce negative attitude change or opposite to what was intended.

Front 23

counterarguments

Back 23

ask

Front 24

attutidinal changes

Back 24

ask

Front 25

ALL of the ways to reduce cognitive dissonance

Back 25

add new cognition, minimize the importance of dissonant info, change our cognition's.

Front 26

What is prejudice

Back 26

negative emotional responses based on group membership

Front 27

What is discrimination

Back 27

differential usually negative behaviors directed toward members of a different social group.

Front 28

What are stereotypes

Back 28

Beliefs about social groups in terms of the traits or characteristics that they are believe to share. Stereotypes are cognitive frameworks that influence the processing of social information.

Front 29

what are gender stereotypes

Back 29

stereotypes concerning the traits possessed by females and males that distinguish the two genders from each other.

Front 30

What are some gender stereotypes of women

Back 30

warm, emotional, kind, polite, sensitive, follower, weak, friendly, fashionable and gentle.

Front 31

What is tokenism

Back 31

the practice of hiring individuals based on group membership.

Front 32

What are minimal groups

Back 32

when we are categorized into different groups based on some "minimal" criteria we tend to favor others who are categorized in the same group as ourselves compared to those categorized as members of a different group.

Front 33

What is social categorization

Back 33

perceptual classification of individuals into discrete categories or groups.

Front 34

What is an in-group

Back 34

the social group to which an individual perceives themselves as belonging.

Front 35

What is modern racism

Back 35

more subtle beliefs than blatant feelings of superiority. It consists primarily of thinking minorities are seeking and receiving more benefits that they deserve and a denial that discrimination affects their outcomes.

Front 36

What is priming

Back 36

ask

Front 37

What is the contact hypothesis

Back 37

the view that increased contact between members of various social groups can be effective in reducing prejudice between them.

Front 38

What is the bona fide pipeline

Back 38

a technique that uses priming to measure implicit and explicit attitudes.