Social Psychology

Front 1

occurs when your expectations about a person's actions cause that person to behave in the expected way.

Back 1

self-fulfilling prophecy effect

Front 2

__________ can cause us to overgeneralize and place too much emphasis on the differences that exist between groups.

Back 2

Stereotypes

Front 3

When we seek to interpret someone else's behavior, we tend to overestimate the influence of internal personal factors and underestimate the role of external situational factors. This is know as what?

Back 3

Fundamental attribution error`

Front 4

Attributions which focus on the situation, don't usually enter our minds because why?

Back 4

our first tendency is to attribute behavior to a personal characteristic.

Front 5

The overall tendency to attribute our own behavior to external sources but to attribute the behavior of others to internal sources is what?

Back 5

actor-observer effect.

Front 6

What is it called when one takes internal credit for our actions when those actions produce positive outcomes? and why is this adaptive?

Back 6

self-serving bias
its adaptive because it allows us to bolster and maintain our self-esteem and project self-importance.

Front 7

Much of what we acquire from experience is the result of _______ ________.

Back 7

Observational Learning

Front 8

Ben realized that every time he had an open elective, he took a psychology class. Based on his observation, Ben has decided he must like psychology. Ben’s attitude is best explained by _____________________ theory.

Back 8

Self-perception theory

Front 9

According to your text, negative evaluations of a group and its members defines _______.

Back 9

prejudice

Front 10

Mike and Carol share an incredibly strong need to be with each other and strong emotional arousal when together. Their relationship is an example of _____________.

Back 10

Passionate Love

Front 11

Dozens of cars passed by before Jack got help when stranded on a busy road. Mike got help from the first person to pass by when he had car trouble on an almost deserted road. The difference in helping behavior they encountered is most consistent with the ________________.

Back 11

Bystander effect

Front 12

Charities emphasize getting any kind of donation at first, no matter how small. They know that having complied with a small request makes a person much more likely to comply with a large request later. This represents the ____________________.

Back 12

foot-in-the-door technique

Front 13

What is the theory of cognitive dissonance?

Back 13

Tension that is produced when people act in a way that is inconsistent with their attitude.

Front 14

According to cognitive dissonance theory, if the discrepancy between what you believe and how you act is great, you will do what two things?

Back 14

Change your behavior or change your beliefs.

Front 15

the idea that we are active observers of our own behavior and we learn from our behavior and use our actions as a basis for inferring internal beliefs is called what?

Back 15

The self-perception theory

Front 16

the _____ technique is getting you to verbally agree to the initial purchase, the sales person lowered your resistance to buying the product.

Back 16

lowball technique.

Front 17

___________ is the study of how the behaviors and thoughts of individuals are affected by the presence of others.

Back 17

social influence

Front 18

The enhancement in performance that is sometimes found when we perform in the presence of others is known as ________________.

Back 18

social facilitation

Front 19

Performing in a crowd when it impairs performance is called what?

Back 19

social interference

Front 20

Acting in a way that shows unselfish concern for the welfare of others is called what?

Back 20

Altruism

Front 21

When we act altruistically because we anticipate that the favor will be returned is a concept known as what?

Back 21

reciprocal altruism

Front 22

the reluctance to come to the aid of a person in need when other people are present is known as what?

Back 22

bystander effect

Front 23

Conformity is particularly likely when pressure comes from an _________ - that is a group of individuals with who you share features in common or with whom you identify.

Back 23

ingroup

Front 24

If the purpose of attraction is to snare an ideal mate, then preferably it should be someone with what?

Back 24

a high reproductive capactiy or someone who is able to provide protection of his or her children and compete successfully for need resources.

Front 25

Pluralistic ignorance

Back 25

The state in which people in a group mistakenly think that their own individual thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are different from those of the others in the group

Front 26

Diffusion of Responsibility

Back 26

The belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need.

Front 27

Empathy

Back 27

Understanding or vicariously experiencing another individual's perspective and feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual

Front 28

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

Back 28

Empathetic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping

Front 29

Negative State Relief Model

Back 29

People help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness.

Front 30

Internal Validity

Back 30

The degree to which there can be reasonable certainty that the independent variables in an experiment caused the effects obtained on the dependent variables.

Front 31

External Validity

Back 31

The degree to which there can be reasonable confidence that the results of a study would be obtained for other people and in other situations.

Front 32

Experimental Realism

Back 32

The degree to which experimental procedures are involving to participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously

Front 33

Mundane Realism

Back 33

The degree to which the experimental situation resembles places and events in the real world.

Front 34

False-consensus effect (Heuristic)

Back 34

The tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions, attributes, and behaviors

Front 35

Availability Heuristic

Back 35

Tendency to estimate the likelihood that an event will occur by how easily instances of it come to mind.

Front 36

Priming

Back 36

Tendency for recently used or perceived words or ideas to come to mind easily and influence the interpretation of new information.

Front 37

Self-presentation

Back 37

Strategies people use to shape what others think of them.

Front 38

Self-Schema

Back 38

A belief people hold themselves that guides the processing of self-relevant information

Front 39

Social Identity Theory

Back 39

The theory that people favor ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self esteem

Front 40

Stereotype Threat

Back 40

The experience or concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about one's group

Front 41

Social Facilitation

Back 41

A process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks

Front 42

Mere Presence

Back 42

The proposition that the mere presence of others is sufficient to produce social facilitation effects

Front 43

Evaluation Apprehension

Back 43

The presence of others will produce will produce social facilitation effects only when those others are seen as potential evaluates.

Front 44

Distraction-Conflict theory

Back 44

A theory that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others will distract from the task and create attention conflict