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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lewin's Equation
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B=f(P,E)
BEHAVIOUR is a FUNCTION of PERSONALITY and ENVIRONMENT |
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Social Psychology
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SCIENTIFIC study of how the BEHAVIOUR, COGNITION AND EMOTIONS of INDIVIDUALS are INFLUENCED by others
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Observational Research
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field-based observations of behaviour
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Qualitative Research
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interview-based reporting collected from small samples
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Correlational Research
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quantitative examination of the relationship between two or more variables (not causal)
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Self-Concept
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your KNOWLEDGE of who you are, personal characteristics e.g. biographical info, autobiographical memory
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Self-Esteem
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your EVALUATION of yourself, value placed on your characteristics individually and collectively
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Sources of Self-Knowledge
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self-perception, emotional reactions, reactions of others
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Cognitive Dissonance
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tension produced by HOLDING TWO CONTRADICTORY ideas
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Methods of Reducing Cognitive Dissonance
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negate dissonant cognitions;
add new consonant cognitions; reduce importance of dissonant cognitions; increase importance of consonant cognitions |
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Standpoints of Self
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own; other
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Domains of Self
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actual; ideal; ought
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Social Comparison Theory
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comparing oneself to external markers to evaluate one's opinions, abilities and value
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Upward Social Comparison (outcome)
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compare oneself to an individual/group of perceived higher standing in some respect (lowers self-esteem)
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Downward Social Comparison (outcome)
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compare oneself to an individual/group of perceived lower standing (increases self-esteem)
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Self-Serving Bias
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tendency to attribute failures to situational factors but successes to disposition
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Social Identity
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part of an individual's self-concept which derives from his knowledge of his membership of a social group
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In-Group Effects
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in-group favouritism; perceived in-group heterogeneity
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Out-Group Effects
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discrimination; perceived out-group homogeneity
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Social Identity Theory
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our self-esteem is affected by group membership so we are motivates to be biased towards the in-group
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Three Stages of Social Identity Theory
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categorisation;
identification; comparison |
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Categorisation
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defining ourselves and other people as belonging to specific social groups (boosts self esteem)
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Identification (assumptions)
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we identify with other members of the in-group
(in-group similarity: we are all alike; out-group dissimilarity - they are different) |
