Social Psychology - Exam 1

Front 1

Sociology

Back 1

Group study is the primary focus

Front 2

Social Psychology

Back 2

Study of how one thinks, influence and relate to others.

Front 3

Culture

Back 3

Timeless behaviors, ideas, attitudes (traditions) shared by a large group passed through generations

Front 4

Social Representations

Back 4

Socially shared beliefs; cultural ideologies

Hint 4

Attitudes towards the elderly or personal space

Front 5

Hindsight Bias

Back 5

Exaggerating the ability to have foreseen an outcome after learning it

Front 6

Theory

Back 6

Ideas summarizing and explaining facts (can be disproved):

Integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events

Front 7

Hypothesis

Back 7

Educated guesses;

A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events

Hint 7

Ex. Summer season might have impact on increase in rape cases

Front 8

Correlation Coefficient

Back 8

Statistical measure of the relationship

(How strong/weak)

Front 9

Field Research

Back 9

Research done in natural, real life setting

Hint 9

Not in a lab

Front 10

Correlational Research

Back 10

Study of naturally occurring relationships among variables

Hint 10

Ex. Study time vs higher grades

Front 11

Experimental Research

Back 11

Research that contains a dependant and independent variable

Front 12

Independent Variable

Back 12

Variable that's manipulated

Hint 12

What you're changing

Front 13

Dependant Variable

Back 13

Variable that's changed/measured at the end

Hint 13

Data Ex. The plant after the different light settings

Front 14

Random Assignment

Back 14

Assigning subjects so all persons have equal chance of being in a given condition;

Eliminates extraneous factors

Front 15

Random Sampling

Back 15

Picking survey subjects so everyone in population has equal chance of being selected

Front 16

Mundane Realism

Back 16

Where an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations.

Front 17

Experimental Realism

Back 17

When experiments absorb and involve its subjects

Hint 17

Ex. Role playing; Hands- on activities

Front 18

Deception

Back 18

When subjects are misled/misinformed about the study's methods and purposes

Front 19

Demand Characteristics

Back 19

Cues that tell subject what behavior is expected

Front 20

Spotlight Effect

Back 20

Belief that ppl are paying more attention to one's appearance/behavior than they really are.

Hint 20

Ex. Thinking the audience is focusing on one member of a chorus

Front 21

Illusion of Transparency

Back 21

Misconception that one's concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read

Front 22

Self-concept

Back 22

What we know/believe about ourselves

Hint 22

Answers the question "Who am I?"

Front 23

Self-schema

Back 23

Beliefs about self that organize and guides the processing of self-relevant information

Hint 23

Ex. "I'm good @ math"

"I'm quiet"

Front 24

Possible Selves

Back 24

Images of what we dream of/dead becoming in future

Hint 24

Things we strive to become

Front 25

Social Self-influences

Back 25

Roles we play; social identities we form; comparisons we make w/ others, our successes/failures, how others judge us and surrounding culture

Front 26

Social Comparison

Back 26

Evaluating your abilities and opinions by comparing them to others

Front 27

Individualism

Back 27

Giving priority to your goals;

Defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group IDs

Hint 27

Western civilizations

Front 28

Collectivism

Back 28

Giving priority to the goals of your group and defining your ID accordingly

Hint 28

Eastern Culture

Front 29

Planning Fallacy

Back 29

The tendency to underestimate how long it will take to complete a task

Front 30

Impact Bias

Back 30

Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events.

Front 31

Self-efficacy

Back 31

A sense of competency and effectiveness

Hint 31

Not self-esteem

Front 32

Self-serving Bias

Back 32

Tendency to perceive yourself favorably.

Front 33

Self-serving Attributions

Back 33

Attributing positive outcomes to yourself and negative outcomes to other factors

Front 34

Locus of Control

Back 34

Extent to which ppl view outcomes as internally controlled by their actions or externally controlled by circumstances

Front 35

False Consensus Effect

Back 35

Overestimating how much others agree with your opinion.

Hint 35

Trump

Front 36

False Uniqueness Effect

Back 36

Underestimating how common your successful action or behavior is, believing it is unique when really it isn't.

Front 37

Self-handicapping

Back 37

Protecting your image with behaviors that create an excuse for later failure

Front 38

Self-presentation

Back 38

Presenting yourself in ways creating favorable impressions that correspond to your ideologies.

Front 39

Learned Helplessness

Back 39

Hopelessness learned when you perceive no control over repeated bad events.

Hint 39

Ex. No matter what I do, bad things happen"

Front 40

Self-monitoring

Back 40

Presenting yourself according to your social surrounding and adjusting accordingly.

Front 41

Attribution Theory

Back 41

Theory of how people explain others' behavior.

Hint 41

Either internal or external

Front 42

Dispositional Attribution

Back 42

Attributing behavior to person's disposition/attitude

Hint 42

(Internal)

Front 43

Situational Attribution

Back 43

Attributing behavior to the environment/situation

Hint 43

External

Front 44

Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 44

Tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences to others behavior

Front 45

Actor-observer Difference

Back 45

Observing others from different perspective than we view ourselves

Hint 45

Ex. Getting mad at people speeding when we do speed limit, but thinking it's OK when we speed.

Front 46

Belief Perseverance

Back 46

Persistence of one's initial belief, even when given info to disprove their belief

Hint 46

Ex. Defending to the death, saving Ego...

Front 47

Rosy Retrospection

Back 47

Recalling mildly pleasant events more favorably than they actually were

(Optimism on steroids)

Hint 47

Ex. "Rainy vacation was as beautiful as can be"

Front 48

Misinformation Effect

Back 48

Incorporating "misinfo" into a witnesses memory of events to"fill in memory gaps."

Hint 48

Ex. Feeding a witness details of a crime to help prosecution.

Front 49

Controlled Processing

Back 49

Deliberate thinking that's reflective and conscious

Front 50

Automatic Processing

Back 50

Implicit/intuitive, effortless thinking; without awareness.

Front 51

Schemas

Back 51

"Mental templates" that guide our perceptions and interpretations of our experiences.

Hint 51

Ex. Not walking down dark alleyways and talking to strangers.

Front 52

Emotional Reactions

Back 52

Nearly instant/reflective, before there is time for deliberate thinking.

Hint 52

Ex. "Fight or flight"

Front 53

Overconfidence Phenomenon

Back 53

Tendency to be more confident than correct.

Front 54

Confirmation Bias

Back 54

Tendency to search for info that confirm your point of view.

Front 55

Heuristic

Back 55

Thinking strategy enabling quick/efficient judgements.

Front 56

Representative Heuristic

Back 56

Tendency to presume that someone/thing belongs to a particular group

Hint 56

Ex. (Stereotyping)

Front 57

Counterfactual Thinking

Back 57

Imagining worse alternatives helps one feel better

Front 58

Illusory Correlation

Back 58

Perception of a relationship where none exists.

Hint 58

Ex. Horoscope Predictions

Front 59

Illusions of Control

Back 59

Idea that one has more control than they really do over uncontrollable situations

Hint 59

Ex. Gambling

Front 60

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

Back 60

Belief that leads to its own fulfilment