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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
group
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two or more persons perceived as related because of their interactions
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stereotype
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a belief that associates a group of people with certain traits
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prejudice
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negative feelings toward persons based on their membership in certain groups
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discrimination
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negative behavior directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group
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social categorization
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the classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes
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ingroups
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groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity
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outgroups
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groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity
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outgroup homogeniety effect
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the tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups
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entity theorists
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people who tend to see social groups as relatively fixed, static entities and the borders between groups as relatively clear and rigid
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incremental theorists
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people who tend to see social groups as relatively dynamic and changable, with less consistency within groups and more malleability between groups
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illusory correlation
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an overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated
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contrast effect
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a tendency to perceive stimuli that differ from expectations as being even more different than they really are
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subliminal presentation
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a method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people do not have any conscious awareness of having been expsed to them
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superordinate goals
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shared goals that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups
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realistic conflict theory
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the theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources
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relative conflict theory
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the theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources
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relative deprivation
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feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others
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ingroup favoritism
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the tendency to discriminate in favor of ingroups over outgroups
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social identity theory
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the theory that people favor ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self-esteem
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social dominance orientation
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a desire to see one's ingroups as dominant over other groups and a willingness to adopt cultural values that facilitate oppression over other groups
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sexism
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prejudice and discrimination based on a person's gender
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social role theory
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the theory that small gender differences are magnified in perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women
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ambivalent sexism
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a form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate chivalrous, but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings
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racism
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prejudice and discrimination based on a person's racial background
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modern racism
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a form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize
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contact hypothesis
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the theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce prejudice under certain conditions
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jigsaw classroom
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a cooperative learning experience method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts
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