Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
social perception
|
a general term for the process by which people come to understand one another
|
|
|
nonverbal behavior
|
behavior that reveals a person's feelings without words - through facial expressions, body language, and vocal cues
|
|
|
attribution theory
|
a group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior
|
|
|
personal attribution
|
attribution to internal characteristics of an actor, such as ability, personality, mood, or effort
|
|
|
situational situation
|
attribution to factors external to an actor, such as the task, other people, or luck
|
|
|
covariation prinicple
|
a principle of attribution theory holding that people attribute behavior to factors that are present when a behavior occurs and absent when it does not
|
|
|
availability heuristic
|
the tendency to estimate the likelihood that an event will occur by how easily instances of it come to mind
|
|
|
false-consensus effect
|
the tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions, attributes, and behaviors
|
|
|
base-rate fallacy
|
the finding that people are relatively insensitive to consensus information presented in the form of numberical base rates
|
|
|
counterfactual thinking
|
a tendency to imagine alternative events or outcomes that might have occurred but did not
|
|
|
fundamental attribution error
|
the tendency to focus on the role of personal causes and underestimate the impact of situations on other people's behavior
|
|
|
actor-observer effect
|
the tendency to attribute our own behavior to situational causes and the behavior of others to personal factors
|
|
|
belief in a just world
|
the belief that individuals get what they deserve in life, an orientation that leads people to disparge victims
|
|
|
impression formation
|
the process of integrating information about a person to form a coherent impression
|
|
|
information integration theory
|
the theory that impressions are based on (1) perceiver dispositions and (2) a weighted average of a target person's traits
|
|
|
priming
|
the tendency for recently used words or ideas to come to mind easily and influence the interpretation of new information
|
|
|
implicit personality theory
|
a network of assumptions people make about the relationships among traits and behaviors
|
|
|
central traits
|
traits that exert a powerful influence on overall impressions
|
|
|
primacy effect
|
the tendency for information presented early in a sequence to have more impact on impressions than information presented later
|
|
|
need for closure
|
a desire to reduce cognitive uncertainty, which heightens the importance of first impressions
|
|
|
confirmation bias
|
the tendency to sek, interpret, and create information that verifies existing beliefs
|
|
|
belief perseverence
|
the tendency to maintain beliefs even after they have been discredited
|
|
|
self-fulfilling prophecy
|
the process by which one's expectations about a person eventually lead that person to behave in ways that confirm those expectations
|
