Social Psych 2

Front 1

what are the three forms of influence on an individual?

Back 1

conformity, compliance, and obedience

Front 2

What is conformity?

Back 2

tendency people have to change perceptions/behaviors/opinions that are consistent with group norms

Front 3

Who in the group is more likely to claim they are not conforming?

Back 3

those with high status or seniority

Front 4

Explain Sherif's conformity experiment

Back 4

students were put in a dark room alone and asked how much a stationary point of light moved, then they were put in groups and asked how much the light moved. The groups came up with their own norms.

Front 5

Explain Asch's study

Back 5

one participant is put in a room with many confederates and asked to observe 3 lines and say which line is the longest outloud. during the third turn the confederates give the completely wrong answer and the participant conforms to their answers even though they are wrong.

Front 6

Explain the variations on Asch's study

Back 6

in one variation the participant was asked to write his answer while all the other said theirs aloud, this caused less conformity. In another variation the participant was given an ally who agreed with his answer before the participants turn this showed less conformity

Front 7

what is the difference between Sherif and Asch's studies?

Back 7

Sherif's study was difficult and the participants didn't know the right answer so they looked for guidance. Asch's study was simple and the people conformed so they wouldn't stand out.

Front 8

What are the two reasons people conform?

Back 8

informational influence and normative influence

Front 9

what is informational influence, and which study shows this?

Back 9

when people conform because they want to be correct, so if others agree they must be right. Sherif

Front 10

What is the normative influence and which study shows this?

Back 10

people conform because they don't want to appear different or deviant. Asch

Front 11

What is private conformity? Which study?

Back 11

when someone conforms and converts their ideas. The person is truly persuaded. Sherif

Front 12

what is public conformity (compliance)?Which study?

Back 12

when someone conforms superficially but doesn't believe what they are saying. Asch

Front 13

How does group size affect conformity?

Back 13

conformity increases with group size but only up to 3 or 4 persons.

Front 14

How does an ally affect conformity?

Back 14

In Asch's variation, having an ally who agreed with your answer decreased conformity up to 80%

Front 15

what is one way to break conformity?

Back 15

have even a single person disagree with it, even if you belive what they say or not

Front 16

what can a non conformer do to persuade a conformer?

Back 16

be forceful persistant and hold their ground

Front 17

what are idiosyncrasy credits?

Back 17

interpersonal credits that a person earns by following group norms ( brownie points)

Front 18

what is an individualistic culture?

Back 18

independence, autonomy, and self reliance take priority over the group

Front 19

what is a collectivistic culture?

Back 19

a culture that sacrafices personal needs and wants for the good of the group

Front 20

What is compliance?

Back 20

when you change your behavior after someone asks you to

Front 21

what increases/decreases compliance?

Back 21

a normal request will boost compliance (do you have 25 cents?) and a weird request will decrease compliance (do you have 17 cents?)

Front 22

what is the foot in the door technique

Back 22

working up to your large request by getting someone to comply with a smaller request

Front 23

what is the door in the face technique?

Back 23

getting someone to comply with your real request by first giving them an outrageous request

Front 24

what is obedience?

Back 24

behavior change produced by the commands of authority

Front 25

What is one of the best experiments on obedience?

Back 25

the milgram experiment

Front 26

What factors forced the participants to go on?

Back 26

the presence of an experimenter coaching them to continue

Front 27

what are collectives?examples?

Back 27

people engaged in common activities but having minimal direct interaction (people at a gym or attending the same concert)

Front 28

Explain Triplett's study

Back 28

found that cyclists competing against each other performed better than when they competed alone

Front 29

explain Zajonc's study

Back 29

he put a cockroach in a simple maze or a difficult maze and filled small stands with spectator cockroaches. He found that with simple tasks the roaches performed better with an audience and worse with an audience when doing the difficult maze.

Front 30

Explain Zajonc's solution

Back 30

when spectators of the same species are around the organism is aroused, this arousal produces our dominant response which depends on the task difficulty. If performing an easy task the dominant response is to excell, if performing a difficult task the dominant response is to do worse

Front 31

what is social facilitation?

Back 31

the idea that the presence of others hinders us during a difficult task and helps us during an easy one

Front 32

explain zajonc's mere presence experiment

Back 32

participants were asked to change their shoes and socks into lab socks and lab shoes and then back into their socks and shoes. while doing this they were either alone, with a repairman who paid no attention to them, or with a mindful experimenter

Front 33

what did Zajonc propose about mere presence?

Back 33

simple mere presence (the repairman) was enough to trigger social facillitation

Front 34

what is the evaluation apprehension theory?

Back 34

contrary to Zajonc's mere presence theory, mere presence only produces social facilitation when the participant perceives the person as an evaluator

Front 35

explain Ingham's experiment

Back 35

participants were instructed to pull a rope while blindfolded, they were told they were either alone or with a group when they were always alone. Found that when they thought they were in a group they did not pull as hard

Front 36

what is social loafing?

Back 36

when someone is part of a group producing an easy task they exert less effort

Front 37

what things will thwart social loafing?

Back 37

1.when people believe their individual contribution is being evaluated/identified,
2.when the task is important or meaningful,
3when people believe their input is neccessary for success.
4. the group will be punished for poor performance
5. the group is small

Front 38

what is deindividuation?

Back 38

when a person loses sense of individuality and lose of inhibitions against negative things (gang members)

Front 39

why do people conform?

Back 39

1. the need to be correct (sherif)
2. the need to be liked (asch)
2. Mimicry

Front 40

what is mimicry and why is it important?

Back 40

when we mimic someone we hope to feel and experience what they are feeling and experiencing this causes some conformity

Front 41

which experiment expresses internal conformity and external conformity?

Back 41

asch=external
sherif=internal

Front 42

what is a group?

Back 42

more than one person that are interdependent to some significant degree

Front 43

where might social loafing appear in the real world?

Back 43

assembly line workers, communism

Front 44

what did Lebon find?

Back 44

Mob psychology ( deindividuation)

Front 45

explain watson's experiment

Back 45

studied soldiers who drastically changed appearance before war and found that they are 80% more aggressive

Front 46

explain Zimbardo's deindividuation model.

Back 46

first you need antecedent conditions such as anonymity, diffusion of responsibility, energizing effects of others and stimulus overload, then you have an internal state of lessened self observation and weakened internal control, finally you have behavioral effects such as impulsivity irrationality and anti social activity

Front 47

what is the spotlight effect?

Back 47

thinking everyone is watching you but they really aren't

Front 48

what is the self awareness theory?

Back 48

we focus our attention on ourselves so we conform to our internal standards and values

Front 49

what is the proximity effect?

Back 49

a study found that 44% of college student's best friends were next door to them in their dorms

Front 50

explain Zanjonc's music experiment

Back 50

he raised rats with either mozart or shoenberg music every day for a few hours then released them in a box where half of the box would play mozart and one would play shoenberg and the rats chose the ones they grew up with

Front 51

explain the mirror image experiment

Back 51

people were shown pictures of themselves that were either true images or mirror images and they preferred the mirror image. Then they were shown pics of their friends true and mirror and they preferred the true image

Front 52

what did the mirror image and Zanjonc's music experiment tell us?

Back 52

we like what we know

Front 53

what is an evolutionary explanation for liking what we know?

Back 53

we have been shown this stimulus and not received punishment so we appreciate what we know because it's safe

Front 54

what is the matching hypothesis?

Back 54

birds of a feather flock together

Front 55

what is the complementary hypothesis?

Back 55

opposites attract