Social Final

Front 1

Globalization

Back 1

Erosion of political, social, cultural and technological boundaries with a focus on interconnections and interdependence. The development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, and tapping the cheaper foreign labor markets.

Front 2

Identity

Back 2

Sameness of essential generis character in different instances. Essentially “who am I?” and how one defines themself.

Front 3

Homogenization

Back 3

The blending of two or more different cultural practices into one, uniform cultural practice that does not show any trace of diversity from cultures among people.

Front 4

Acculturation

Back 4

The exchange of cultural features that result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact; the original culture patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct.

Front 5

Assimilation

Back 5

The process of bringing into conformity the customs, attitudes etc. of a group, nation; adapting or adjusting. Assimilation occurs naturally through time and through maturity and learning OR by the process of force.

Front 6

Accommodation

Back 6

Fitting in with someone’s wishes and demands in a helpful way.

Front 7

Integration

Back 7

The act or instance of combining two or more racial groups into one whole group.

Front 8

Marginalization

Back 8

To treat a group, idea, or concept as unimportant, unequal or peripheral.

Front 9

Universalization of Pop Culture

Back 9

Media, technology, music etc. transcends borders and everyone is exposed to the same or similar cultures.

Front 10

Hybridization

Back 10

The process through which globalizing cultures preserve or create cultural diversity. It is the way in which one thing becomes separated from existing practices and combines with something of another practice to create a joint practice.

Front 11

Diversification

Back 11

Is the process of giving variety to a society or nation.

Front 12

Cultural Revitalization

Back 12

The ability for a culture to recognize, revisit, and celebrate its beliefs.

Front 13

Dualism

Back 13

The idea that two ideas, or nations formed one nation or idea and that those two bases are equal parts of a new thing.

Front 14

Japanese Internment

Back 14

Marginalization

Front 15

Separatist Movement

Back 15

Cultural revitalisation, dualism, diversification, accommodation

Front 16

FLQ

Back 16

Dualism, diversification, accommodation

Front 17

Residential Schools

Back 17

Acculturation, assimilation, marginalization

Front 18

Historical Immigration

Back 18

Assimilation, marginalization (japanese), cultural revitalization, cultural diversity

Front 19

Student Activists (East Timor)

Back 19

marginalization, Santa Cruz Massacre, assimilation, homogenization, cultural revitalization

Front 20

Hmong in America

Back 20

Homogenization, assimilation, acculturation, cultural revitalization

Front 21

Maori Culture

Back 21

Assimilation, homogenization, hybridization

Front 22

Mercantilism

Back 22

A protectionist policy that created a form of command economy

Front 23

Eurocentrism

Back 23

Viewing the world from a European perspective and promoting European values and beliefs as preeminent

Front 24

Ethnocentrism

Back 24

Viewing the world from a known cultural perspective and promoting those values and beliefs and preeminent

Front 25

Racism

Back 25

The belief that there are racial different and that certain races are naturally superior to others

Front 26

Social Darwinism

Back 26

Application of the principle of survival of the fit est to social interaction

Front 27

Social Degeneration

Back 27

European term to describe European assimilation into a non-European culture (gone native)

Front 28

Missionarism

Back 28

The Eurocentric view that non Europeans need to be civilized

Front 29

Slavery

Back 29

People are bought and sold as though they are property

Front 30

Indentured Service

Back 30

People are bound by long term labour contracts

Front 31

Conscripted Labour

Back 31

Forced labour

Front 32

Genocide

Back 32

The deliberate killing of a large group of people

Front 33

Colonialism

Back 33

The socio-economic expansion of a nation into a different territory

Front 34

Subordinate

Back 34

Lower than you in education or being able to dehumanize them to work for you

Front 35

Viking Expansion

Back 35

Imperialism, expansionism, globalization

Front 36

The Crusades

Back 36

Imperialism, expansionism, globalization

Front 37

The Age of Exploration

Back 37

Global expansion of Europe, expansionism, imperialism, globalization

Front 38

Famous Explorations

Back 38

Prince Henry the Navigator: funded expeditions southward along the African Coast
Bathelomeu Diaz: plotted a southward cost to the cape of good hope, reported Europe could be circumnavigated

Front 39

Famous Explorations 2

Back 39

Vasco Da Gama: used Diaz's discoveries, plotted a course around Africa and India
Christopher Columbus: 4 voyages to Spain, reached North America

Front 40

Famous Explorations 3

Back 40

Amerigo Vespucci: credited for recognizing Columbus had not reached the Indies, made a map of the "New World"

Front 41

Colonies

Back 41

Ideological spread, globalization, imperialism, assimilation

Front 42

Geopolitics

Back 42

The study of geography and its relationship to politics, national power, and foreign policy
- geography
- political structures
- goals of other nations
- looking at how things fall out in the world

Front 43

Goals of Nations

Back 43

Peace, security, sovereignty, prestige, prosperity, industrial development, spread of an ideology

Front 44

Strategic alliances

Back 44

Alliances formed as a means of strategy (hegemony)

Front 45

Strategic Depth

Back 45

Defense in depth, navy/air-force, capaticity for nuclear/chemical warfare, advancements of technology/value of money

Front 46

Strategic Value

Back 46

Strategic advantage, amount of money, alliances with people around you, port systems as transport for goods, services and military equipment, amount of people to send into a war of attrition

Front 47

Strategic Withdrawl

Back 47

Knowing when to pull out

Front 48

Balance of Power

Back 48

There will never be a balance of power in the world, as much as we want to believe that we are interconnected, the world would have to be absolutely and totally equal

Front 49

Buffer State/Client State

Back 49

Neutrality based on geography

Front 50

The Domino Theory

Back 50

 If we were to make the Cold War it was an ideological war
 Was manifested into a cold war which meant there was no real battles fought on the war of those nations
• Korea
• Vietnam
 The spread of communism was very rapid, and the fear was that the world would eventually be run by communism

Front 51

Encirclement

Back 51

When a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces

Front 52

Hegemony

Back 52

Leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others as in confederation

Front 53

Isolationism

Back 53

The policy or doctrine of isolation of one country from the nations around it by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements etc.

Front 54

Militarism

Back 54

The tendency to regard military efficiency as the supreme ideal of the state and to subordinate all other interests to those of the military

Front 55

Sphere of Influence

Back 55

Any area in which one nation wields power over others

Front 56

Stalemate/War of Attrition

Back 56

Any position or situation in which no action can be taken, or any progress made

Front 57

Status Quo

Back 57

A state in which all political, economic, and social aspects remain as they are without conforming to modern ideologies, and technological advancement

Front 58

Imperialism

Back 58

The process of establishing political and economic domination of foreign territory. It can also lead to cultural domination of “foreign” people through colonization

Front 59

Sustainability

Back 59

A means of configuring civilization and human activity so that society and its members and its economies are able to meet their needs and express their greatest potential in the present

Front 60

Citizenship

Back 60

Your role as an individual in society (part of something)  nationalistic

Front 61

Scarcity

Back 61

Unlimited wants vs limited resources

Front 62

Economics

Back 62

Analyses the production and consumption of goods

Front 63

Prosperity

Back 63

Economic success

Front 64

Surveillance

Back 64

Annual evaluations of nation's economic situations

Front 65

Technical Assistance and Training Banking Transperency

Back 65

Financial systems regulating and supervision

Front 66

Insourcing

Back 66

Organization uses especially internal labor and personnel but outer resources as well to supply the operations needs

Front 67

Outsourcing

Back 67

Offshoring or moving work offshore to another country

Front 68

The Economic Spectrum

Back 68

Radical (communism), moderate (mixed economies), capitalist (capitalist)

Front 69

Status

Back 69

Land and money

Front 70

The Tradition Economy

Back 70

o Paternalistic (Male dominance)
o Hierarchical: Rigid Social structure
o Pastoral/Agrarian
o Tends to be closely tied to beliefs and values
o Depends on the state of being of people

Front 71

Free Market Economy

Back 71

• Liberty
• Self-regulating
• Capitalist economy
• Individual Enterprise
• Creates competition
• Creates innovation
• Quality control
• Better pricing
• Monopolies

Front 72

Command Economy

Back 72

• Limited liberty
• Government controlled
• Central planning
• Public enterprise
• Government bureaucracy
o Selfish
o Greedy
• Made up of people
o Each with their own needs
o Not an effective way of decision making

Front 73

Mixed Economy

Back 73

• Regulated liberty
• Regulation of supply and demand
• Socialism
• Welfare capitalism
• Conservatism
• Progress without need to move forward
• Revolutions are caused by education
• Mercantilism: Protected economy
o New France
 Fur Trade
o Make money
o Build empire
o Self-sustainability
o Capitalism
 Different resources

Front 74

Socialism

Back 74

o Unchecked capitalism of industrial revolution
o Enlightened business
 Socal improvement
o Education, cooperation, humane work condition
o Examples:
 Communism
 Democracy
 Socialism

Front 75

Classical Liberalism

Back 75

o Liberty is paramount
o Individual initiative and capitalist competition
o Government should regulate society to protect individuals from harm
o Examples:
 Liberalism
 Neo-conservatism

Front 76

Great Depression Boom Cycle

Back 76

o Social movement of luxury
o People were spending, prices rose
o 1920s  Prices were inflating faster than the economy could keep up
 Price affects demand
 Producers: If prices are inflating, at some point can’t afford to produce these goods
 Can’t pay employees who in turn, then can’t pay for products

Front 77

Great Depression Bust Cycle

Back 77

o A nation’s responsibility to itself is to preserve its domestic economy
o Increase tax on imports = increase spending in domestic economy
o Increases taxes:
 Protect domestic market
 Global market will flat-line
 No strong domestic economies will crash
 Nations that rely on exports crash
o Inflation
 Commodities over-valued
 Governments subsidize
 Companies take over markets and it subsidize
 Affects pricing

Front 78

Supply and Demand

Back 78

• Producers must know where their supply is in term of the economic demand
• 1920s  Demand is high, producers aren’t managing their supply
• The hub of manufacturing was Eastern USA
o Central and Western USA had little manufacturing
 Goods and services were not evenly distributed making prices higher where the products were not distributed

Front 79

Inflation

Back 79

• If it occurs to rapidly consumers can’t afford, profit is lost, can’t pay employees
• No money = no spending
• Hyperinflation rapid increase
o Peak in the business cycle
• Inflation  Steady increase
o Value of the dollar
o Goods and services
o Cost of living

Front 80

Social Change

Back 80

• City development
• Work place protection
• Leisure development
o Entertainment industry
• Urban sprawl
o Cities that develop faster than they can plan it

Front 81

Predicting Inflation

Back 81

• Based on business-consumer indicators (BCI)
o GDP
o Rate of inflation
o Employment rates
o Buying houses
o Car sales
o Retail sales
o Price of oil *

Front 82

Oil

Back 82

• U.S. consumes ¼ of the world’s oil
• Trade balance
o Equal exports and imports
 Better to export more than you import

Front 83

Sustainability

Back 83

• Challenges and Opportunities
o As trade evolved it became more advantageous to create economic blocks to support free trade
• Trading blocks
o Nations did not always see advantages in economic negotiations
o NAFTA and EU were relatively successful trading blocks
• Regulation of international trade
o Bretton Woods System and Monetary Management
 Rebuilt international economies post WWII
 Created the IMF (International Monetary Fund)
 Created to International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
• Part of world bank
o 1971
 U.S. terminated the convertibility of the US dollar to gold
 This ended the Bretton Woods System
 It was the first fiat currency
• First monetary currency that the U.S. can control which makes nations adjust to their currency instead of the price of gold
 The U.S. dollar became a reserved currency
• Many countries became free-floating


o World Bank
 2 institutions
• International Bank of Reconstruction and Development
o Low and Midd

Front 84

Imperialism

Back 84

land = power

Front 85

Colonialism

Back 85

an empire branching out across the globe (strategically)(expansionism) and colonizing key land points in order to gain resources and land (imperialism)

Front 86

Eurocentrism

Back 86

viewing the world from a European perspective and promoting European values and beliefs as dominant

Front 87

Ethnocentrism

Back 87

believing one’s own race or ethnicity is dominant/better than another’s

Front 88

Racism

Back 88

belief that there are “racial” differences and that certain races are naturally superior to others.

Front 89

Social Darwinism

Back 89

the belief that Darwin’s theory of evolution applies to a social perspective/the stronger survive and take over the weaker (rationalization)

Front 90

Social Degeneration

Back 90

the European term to describe the European assimilation into a non-European culture (i.e “gone native”)

Front 91

Missionarism

Back 91

the Eurocentric view that non-Europeans needed to be “civilized”/spread of Christianity (rationalized/promoted assimilation and marginalization)

Front 92

Slavery

Back 92

People are bought and sold as property (had to do with ethnocentrism)

Front 93

Indentured Service

Back 93

people are bound by a long-term labour contract/can't escape (partial slavery)

Front 94

Genocide

Back 94

the deliberate killing of a large group of people (Hernan Cortez and the Aztec/Pizzaro and the Inca’s)

Front 95

White Man's Burden

Back 95

the belief that it is the “white man’s burden” to civilize/assimilate “savage” groups of people in order to save them

Front 96

Expansionism

Back 96

a country expanding outward and taking over/colonizing more land across the globe (beginnings of globalization)

Front 97

Exploration

Back 97

a country sending out explorers to navigate the world

Front 98

Ideological Spread

Back 98

the spread of a dominant society’s ideologies across other weaker societies/essentially assimilation

Front 99

Militarism

Back 99

the belief that a country must maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote said country

Front 100

Geopolitics

Back 100

the study of geography and how it relates to politics

Front 101

Conscripted Labour

Back 101

forced labour

Front 102

Purpose

Back 102

the reason/rationalization for why something exists

Front 103

Governor/Viceroy + Bureaucracy:

Back 103

an official appointed to govern/1.A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives

Front 104

Army

Back 104

the branch of a nation responsible for protection and taking over other countries (historically)/conducts militaristic operations on land

Front 105

Police

Back 105

the civil force of a local or federal government

Front 106

Interconnectivity

Back 106

Countries/cultures are all connected to each other through many aspects

Front 107

Push Factors

Back 107

Factors pushing countries to explore and expand (ex: food

Front 108

Pull Factors

Back 108

Factors drawing countries to explore certain parts of the world (ex: imperialism

Front 109

Economic Motivating Factors

Back 109

Expanding of trade links

Front 110

Political Motivating Factors

Back 110

Consolidation (alliance

Front 111

Social Motivating Factors

Back 111

Ethnocentrism (spreading it)

Front 112

Control Over Knowledge

Back 112

The Catholic Church had control over knowledge after the fall of the Roman Empire (teachings

Front 113

Social Structure

Back 113

How the different people are split socially/in the middle ages it consisted of nobility

Front 114

Birth Right

Back 114

What you are born as is what you remain/if your parents are serfs

Front 115

Role of Explorers

Back 115

The governments would want to hire explorers in order to expand their empire (imperialism/expansion)

Front 116

SIgnificance of Exploration

Back 116

Exploration helped discover trade routes

Front 117

Roman Empire

Back 117

The Roman Empire had gained a very in-depth knowledge of how the world worked. When the Roman Empire fell

Front 118

Dark Ages

Back 118

After the fall of the Roman Empire

Front 119

Key Characteristics (Dark Ages)

Back 119

Infrastructure links disintegrated

Front 120

Serf

Back 120

Consisted of 85% of the population during the Dark Ages

Front 121

Nobility

Back 121

Those of nobility made up a portion of the other 15% of the population during the Dark Ages

Front 122

3 Elements That Helped Start Internationalism

Back 122

The Vikings’ exploration

Front 123

Vikings

Back 123

The Vikings were known as the Norse (north) people who explored and conquered most of Europe and were an embodiment of imperialism.

Front 124

Silk Road

Back 124

A large trade route

Front 125

Crusades

Back 125

Refers to a series of wars between European Christians and Middle Eastern Moslems. The intent was to “free the holy land” and they lasted from the 11th century to the 14th century A.D. There were at minimum 16 individual crusades called “first crusade

Front 126

New Spain

Back 126

Took place in Central and south America (anywhere that Spanish is the main language)/The Spaniards came from spain while others were born in the colonies.

Front 127

New France

Back 127

They existed in Lower Canada and thus traded in and influenced areas around Lower Canada.

Front 128

Francophone people who immigrated from France

Back 128

typically desperate people who worked as day laborers and wanted a fresh start. Many became poor farmers but when the fur trade hit many gave up farming all together for a career in the fur trade.

Front 129

They came from France

Back 129

but in terms of economics they were desperate people who worked as day laborers and wanted a fresh start. Most became poor farmers

Front 130

13 Colonies

Back 130

Significances: The English colonies were a way for England to colonize North America but also for religious groups to seek refuge in a distant and new land. Many of the colonies were economically driven

Front 131

Samoset and Squanto

Back 131

Samoset and Squanto were both aboriginals that aided the pilgrims in surviving North America/took place during 1600’s/patuxet (Plymouth)

Front 132

American Aborigine

Back 132

American Aborigine were the first to arrive in North America and they moved to America in small boats.

Front 133

Ancient Mongoloids

Back 133

The Ancient Mongoloids moved to North America from Asia using the Bearing - Passage that linked. Their descendants are modern Native Americans.They Hunted Mega fauna such as Mammoths and buffalo

Front 134

Strategic Alliance/Grand Alliance

Back 134

forming alliances to make it easier on yourself

Front 135

Strategic Depth

Back 135

know what you need to do/defense in depth

Front 136

Strategic Value

Back 136

cost benefit

Front 137

Strategic Withdrawl

Back 137

go in

Front 138

Buffer State/Client State

Back 138

regions who declare neutrality or do not subscribe to any alliance (ex: Switzerland)

Front 139

Cold War

Back 139

a war fought without military but with the threat of it (i.e. new technologies threatening the other country)

Front 140

The Domino Theory

Back 140

essentially chain reactions throughout geopolitics

Front 141

Encirclement

Back 141

when and alliance is formed to block/encircle another region

Front 142

Hegemony/Superpower

Back 142

creates a barrier (hedge) to which power must stay/helping means creating some sort of power that holds the region

Front 143

Isolation

Back 143

Strategically isolating one's self from other nations to industrialize/militarize (ex America prior/somewhat during WW2)

Front 144

Militarism

Back 144

the prinicple or policy of maintaining a large military establishment

Front 145

Sphere of Influence

Back 145

any area in which one nation wields dominant power over another or others (i.e. part of imperialism)

Front 146

Stalemate/War of Attrition

Back 146

any position or situation in which no action can be taken or progress made/deadlock

Front 147

Status Quo

Back 147

the existing state of condition

Front 148

Mercantilism

Back 148

Main economic system from 16th to 18th century

Front 149

Voyageur

Back 149

boatmen hired by fur trade companies for transportation of good and people

Front 150

Habitant

Back 150

an early French settler in Canada

Front 151

Peninsulares

Back 151

high class in New Spain (born in Spain)

Front 152

Creoles

Back 152

middle class in New Spain (born in colonies)

Front 153

Mestizos/Mulattoes

Back 153

lower class in New Spain (mixed decent)

Front 154

Africans/Natives

Back 154

lowest class in New Spain (from either africa or native to the region/slaves)

Front 155

Pilgrims

Back 155

separatists from England who opposed the English Church and came to American seeking religous freedom (founded Plymouth)

Front 156

Dissenters

Back 156

members of a non-established church/pilgrims

Front 157

Puritans

Back 157

a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship