Social Class In America Ii

Front 1

Social Mobility

Back 1

the extent to which people move up or down in the class system

Front 2

Social Succession

Back 2

the degree to which position in the system is inherited

Front 3

Caste

Back 3

An enforced, hereditary system of stratification, based on racial or ethnic distinctions that are assumed to be fundamental and unchangeable. The Hindu ____ system in India is the paradigmatic case. Also, the racial system of the American South until the mid-1960s

Front 4

Circulation Mobility

Back 4

Mobility made possible by movement within the existing occupational structure. For example, if some offspring of men with high status jobs take lower status jobs, they create opportunities for the offspring of lower status jobholders to move up.

Front 5

Outflow Mobility table/ inflow mobility table

Back 5

Cross tabulations of father's occupation in the past and son or daughter's current occupation. The outflow table conceptually groups fathers into occupational categories and examines the percentage of occupational distributions of their sons or daughters. For example, such a table might include a row showing the occupations of all sons or daughters of upper-white collar men. An outflow table suggests the extent to which careers are influenced by class background. The inflow table groups sons or daughters into occupational categories and examines the corresponding percentage distributions of their fathers. Inflow tables indicate the diversity of class origins among people in each occupational category. The outflow table asks, "Where did they go?" The inflow table asks, "Where did they come from?" Outflow tables are typically percentaged across the rows; inflow tables, down the columns.

Front 6

Structural Mobility

Back 6

Mobility made possible by changes in the occupational structure. A relataive expansion of middle or upper level jobs, for example, would allow upward mobility from lower positions.

Front 7

Capitalist Class

Back 7

In the Glibert-Kahl model, the very small top class composed of people whose income is largely derived from return on assets.

Front 8

Chief executive officer (CEO)

Back 8

Highest ranking executive in a corporation

Front 9

Elite Cohesion

Back 9

The degree to which members of hypothesized elite band together in pursuit of common objectives and in opposition to other groups. The greater the degree of elite cohesion, the more likely it will be able to impose its will on others.

Front 10

Elite Perspective/ Pluralist perspective

Back 10

A theoretical perspective that regards power as typically diffused rather than concentrated. Pluralists find multiple bases of power representing the interests of competing groups, such that no powerful minority can easily impose its will. Contrasted with the elite perspective that emphasizes the power of ruling minority, and the class perspective, which associates power with a dominant social class, such as the capitalist class.

Front 11

Endogamy

Back 11

Marriage between partners drawn from the same social group. Class _____ tends to preserve class differences in customs, values, and attitudes.

Front 12

The Establishment

Back 12

An informal network of wealthy, powerful men drawn from the upper class. During the first three-quarters of the twenieth century, members frequently filled important government positions and influenced national policy, especially in international and economic affairs.

Front 13

Polital Action Committee (PAC)

Back 13

A group formed, under the provisions of the campaign finance laws, to raise and contirbute money to the campaigns of political candidates

Front 14

Power

Back 14

The capacity of individuals or groups to carry out their will even over the opposition of others, especially in broad political and economical contexts. For example, the power of the capitalist class over national economic priorities.

Front 15

Privileged Class

Back 15

The capitalist class and upper-middle class.

Front 16

Soft Money

Back 16

Political contributions not subject to federal regulation because they are putatively for party-building activities, voter registration, and so on, but not for campaigns of individual federal candidates. In practice, the distinction is almost meaning less. With ________, individuals, corporations, unions, and other organization have been able to make political contributions on a scale (hundreds of thousands of dollars), which would normally be prohibited by federal law. A 2002 law attempts to place strict limits on the use of ______.

Front 17

Alienation

Back 17

In Marx, a sense experienced when human beings lose control of their own creation and even become subject to them. One aspect of this is ____ at work -- example, the assembly-line factory worker who must create something someon else designed, that someone else will use, and at a speed determined by someone or something else.

Front 18

Class Consciousness

Back 18

The recognition by the members of a class of their common identity and shared interests. Marx saw _______ as a precursor to class conflict and revolution. Modern social scientists are more interested in ______ as an influence on political opinion, electoral preferences, and labor militancy.

Front 19

Class Identification

Back 19

The class label people chose for themselves, particularly in response to some variant of the standard survey questions, "Do you consider yourself upper class, middle class, working class, or lower class?" Responses consisten with object class position are indicative of an important aspect of ____________.

Front 20

Objective Class Position

Back 20

Position in the class structure as determined by obective criteria selcted by the analyst. Contrasted with the subjective consciousness individuals have of their own class position. For example, an observer may define all who work for wages at manual jobs as working class (__________), but those who hold usch jobs may include some who regard themsevles as middle class and others who see themselves as working class (subjective consciousness).