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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ultranationalism? |
Extreme form of nationalism |
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How are ultranationalists like? |
Fanatically loyal to nation, hostile and racist to other nations |
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Examples of ultrnationalist nations |
Nazi Germany, Stalinist Russia, Post WW1 Japan |
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What can ultranationalism cause? |
War, succession, genocide |
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What factors can cause ultranationalism to develop? |
Crisis, charismatic leaders with a vision, extreme patriotism, history of conflict and hatred to other groups, desire for prestige and power |
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How can nations respond to ultranationalists? |
Appeasement, war or conflict |
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What is war? |
An attempt to stop an aggressor? |
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What is conflict? |
May include war, but ant action to dryer aggressors (e.g. tariffs, sanctions, boycott) |
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What is propaganda? |
Get people to accept ideas and beliefs, in the interest of a particular person or group |
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What is conscription |
Forced in army |
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Why did the conscription crisis of 1917 happen? |
Not enough soldiers |
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Who was against Conscription in 1917 Canada? |
Farmers, unionized workers, non-British immigrants |
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Who supported 1917 conscription? |
English Canadians, Prime Minister Borden, British immigrants, families of soldiers, older Canadians |
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What were pro 1917 conscription arguments? |
If not supporting you're disloyal, coward, immoral |
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Anti conscription arguments |
Imperialism, stupidity, blooslust |
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What enforced conscription? |
Military Service Act, targeting male citizens 20-45 for military service |
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What did WW1 conscription rip open? |
Canada's linguistic divide |
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How did French Canadians view Canadian military? |
Almost entirely English |
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Why did Canadians not join military? |
Fear of safety, jobs at home |
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Who was viewed as responsible for Military Service Act? |
French Canadians |
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How was the Military Services Act Reacted to? |
Revolt in Quebec |
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What happened on Easter Weekend 1918? |
Joseph Nervier arrested for not having conscription papers on person |
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What happened to the Conservative party post 1917 and why? |
Because they brought conscription, hard to get votes in Quebec |
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What did the Conscription Crisis of 1917 spark in French Canadians? |
French nationalist passions and a wedge in Canada's linguistic divide |
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What was different in Canada in terms of war in WW2 and why? |
Did not automatically go to war with Britain due to British statute of Westminster, making British Dominions independent. |
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What did the Statute of Westminster give Canada? |
Sovereignity |
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What did Parliament vote on in terms of WW2 |
Should Canada join Britain and France against Germany |
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What was WW2 Parliament focused on? |
Keeping Canada united, so no conscription imposed |
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How did Canadians view WW2? |
With support against Nazi Regime |
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How were French Canadians during WW2 in terms of support of France and England? |
Separation from France politically, culturally, and demographically made them not concerned, and no loyalty to England |
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What was Prime Minister Mackenzie King pressured to do as WW2 continued? |
Impose conscription, despite previous promise not to. |
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What did PM Mackenzie King do as a result of pressure? |
Hold a plebiscite, a vote of entire electorate on a national issue, leader doesn't have to follow majority |
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Plebiscite WW2 conscription results? |
Most supported, 72% Quebec against |
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When was the WW2 conscription imposed? |
1944 |
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Terms of WW2 conscription |
Limit overseas Canadian soldiers to 16000 |
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National conscription crisis WW2 |
Avoided |
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Who benefited from WW1 and why? |
No one, because everyone pursued their own national interests over international interests |
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What is the Rhineland? |
Region both sides of Rhine River in Western Germany. Has vineyards and industry |
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What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? |
100000 men in German army, weak German navy, no German air force Alsace Lorraine back to France Germany loses multiple colonies Demilitarize Rhineland No Anschluss Germany recognizes Poland and Czechoslovakia as countries War guilt clause signed by Germany |
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What was the War Guilt Clause? |
Said that Germany was wholly responsible for WW1 |
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What was Anschluss? |
Unification of similar speaking nations, namely Austria and Germany |
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What did not exist in 1867? |
A united German state |
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After unifying, who was Germany lagging behind and how? |
Lagging behind Britain and France economically, technologically, and politically |
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What did Germany's lack of colonies limit their ability to do? |
Rapid industrial growth |
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What was the Franco Prussian War? Describe |
War between France and Northern Germany. Germany got Alsace Lorraine, fought due to disputes over which royal house rules Spain, opportunity for Prussia to get territory and resources, Germany won |
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Who was Germany's economic rival? |
Britain |
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What did Germany build and how did Britain see it? |
A naval force. Seen as a direct challenge to economic and military might |
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Two main alliances in Europe and who did they compose of? |
Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia) and Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) |
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What national self interest did Britain have? |
Maintain economic status |
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What national interest did France have? |
Security |
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What national interest did Russia have? |
Modernize economy, move into position of influence around Black Sea, the Balkan area |
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What national interests did Germany have? |
Build military, assert place in European politics. |
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Which alliance won WW1? |
Triple Entente |
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What 4 things did France want from the Paris Peace Conference? |
Safe border from Germany, Alsace Lorraine back, demilitarize Rhineland, financial reparation |
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What 3 things did Britain want from the Paris Peace Conference? |
Ensured naval superiority over Germany, limit German navy size, don't let France get reparations so they aren't strengthened and Germany weakened |
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What was Britain's concern for Germany post Paris Peace Conference? |
Might fall into communist control |
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What humiliated and angered Germany? |
War guilt clause |
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What happened to German currency due to reparations? |
Became virtually worthless |
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What happened between France and Germany 1923 and why did it backfire on France? |
Due to Germany defaulting on timber deliveries, France invaded Ruhr valley. Germany now doesn't like France even more |
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What causes the collapse of the Western economy? |
Great Depression, caused by the collapse of the stock market |
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What did the Great Depression justify for Fascist rulers? |
State control of economy |
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What 4 things did public works programs do in Germany and Italy? |
Economies self sufficient Rekindled national pride Reduced unemployment Strong sense of nationalism |
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What 2 things did Hitler argue Germany needed? |
Regain great status, liberation from terms of Treaty of Versailles |
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After Hitler Dropped out from the League of Nations, what did he begin doing? |
Rearming military |
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What encouraged Hitler to challenge the Treaty of Versailles? |
Failure of League of Nations to do anything to Japanese after invading Manchuria |
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What is Anschluss? |
Union of same language speaking people. Also referred to union of Austria and Germany |
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Due to Great Depression and political indecisiveness, what policy did Britain and France follow? |
Appeasement |
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Because of France and Britain appeasement, what did Germany do next? |
Annex (conquer) Sudtenland, occupy rest of Czechoslovakia, invade Poland |
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What did Japan's national pride historically allow them to do? |
Repel mainland armies and even expel foreigners from the island nation |
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What did Japan miss out on due to its isolation? |
Industrial revolution, modernization |
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What three things occurred in the Meiji period and what did they create a demand for? |
Foreigner allowed to settle, new ideas flooded Japan, Japan industrialized rapidly. This created a resource demand |
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Tensions between Japan and China led to what war? |
The First Sino (China)-Japanese War |
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What Is Bushido? |
Way of the Warrior. Militarism is honourable |
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What did Japan need and why after getting colonies and demanding China for things? |
A strong military to secure empire and gain respect of Western nations |
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1931, who did Japan invade and who did it prove had power in the nation? |
Japan invaded Manchuria in 1937 and proved real power lay in military instead of emperor |
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After China invasion, what did Japan issue and what did it state? |
The Amau Doctrine, stating Japan assumed responsibility for peace in Asia |
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1940 what plan did Japan announce and what did it justify? |
The Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, justified Japan's imperialism |
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What was Japan's ultra-nationalist intent for imperialism besides economic? |
Establish new international order aligning Asian countries with Japan, free of western influence |
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What was unification of Italian ethnicity called? |
Irredentism |
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Why did Italy join the Triple Entente? |
Acquire territories perceived as under foreign rule |
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After WW1, what territory was given to Italy? |
City of Zaro, few islands |
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After WW1, what burdened Italy? |
Inflation, debt, unemployment |
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Patriotic feelings led who to establish what party in Italy? |
Benito Mussolini establish Fasci |
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What did government and business worry of socialism give Fasci? |
Gain widespread support by attacking socialists |
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In 1922, what did Mussolini plan and what was the result? |
A fascist coup d'etat that had failed. Get Prime Minister to resign King asked him to form a new government |
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What islands did Mussolini capture and what did he begin calling the Mediterranean Sea? |
Greek Islands, Corsica, Malta. He called the sea mare nostrum (our sea) |
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What did Fasci create by law and what did he abolish? |
They created a single party state and abolished independent political parties and trade unions |
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What economy did Mussolini create and how did it avoid Great Depression? |
A state controlled economy with state, corporate, and worker interests harmonized. Kept economy strong via many state initiated construction projects |
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What did people proudly announce about Mussolini? |
Made trains run on time |
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What was the Lateran treaty? |
Took land from The Roman Catholic Church but gave The Pope power over marriage and the familt |
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What was Italy seen as an alternative to? |
Democratic capitalism and communism |
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Who did Italy invade in 1935 and why? |
Ethiopia (Abyssinia) to make a greater Italian empire |
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Who did Italy ally with in WW2? |
Nazi Germany |
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Was Italy's army a match for the allied forces? |
No |
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When Mussolini lost popular support, what did the king do? |
Replace Mussolini as prime minister, switch alliance |
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Why was ultranationalism able to thrive in nations like Germany, Japan, and Italy? |
Lack of democratic history, populist support+collaboration with ruling elites, charismatic leaders, presented a new era of economic growth Belief problems can only be solved via militarism, expansion, and conquest |
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What was the War Measures Act? |
Gave emergency absolute power to federal cabinet when perceiving war, invasion, insurrection real or apprehended. It took away Canadian rights and freedoms |
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Who was imprisoned during WW1 in Canada due to the War Measures Act? |
Germans, Ukrainians, Slavic's |
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Who was imprisoned due to the War Measures act in WW2? |
Japanese, German, Italian Canadians |
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What happened to Ukrainian Canadians WW1? |
Put to prison/labour camps, forced to carry I.D. papers and report regularly to local police offices |
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Why were Ukrainians detained? |
Ukraine was split between Russia (Canadian ally) and the Austro-Hungarian Empire (enemy of British empire). |
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What did detained Ukrainians work on? |
Banff National Park and numerous mining and logging operations |
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What drove internment policy in Canada WW1? |
War time fervor and xenophobic fear: not actual attacks against Canada by enemy sympathizers |
