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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Model that incorporates aspects of the physical environment
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Social Ecology of Health Model
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Tip represents behavior and successive underlying levels representing social contextual and structural factors.
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Injury Iceberg Model
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Sanitary Awakening (1850-1880)
-Birth of modern public health -Foundation: Government responsibility to advocate for social justice Proactive not just reactive -Resistance from wealthy until they became vulnerable |
Sanitary Movement
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5 Hierarchical Levels
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1. Intrapersonal
2. Interpersonal 3. Institutional Factors 4. Community 5. Public Policy (Society) |
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the focus is on activities that forestall the development of pathological conditions. For example, preventing the onset of heart disease through healthy lifestyle behavior would fall in this category.
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Primary Prevention
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refers to detection of disease or its precursors at an early stage to take ameliorative action that can thwart full development or enable measures to keep the problem in check. Regular screening for detectable conditions such as hypertension, breast and colorectal cancer, diabetes, and sexually transmitted infection falls in this category.
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Secondary Prevention
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includes interventions at later stages of disease to prevent secondary complications, sustain optimal disease management, and ensure the best quality of life. Treatment for hypertension, diabetes, depression, osteoporosis, lymphedema, and other chronic conditions illustrates the third category of prevention.
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Tertiary Prevention
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the mean number of children born per woman in a particular population. On average, this figure ranges between 1 and 10
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Total Fertility
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the number of children born in a given year per 1,000 population. This indicator may range from 10 to 50
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Crude Birth Rate
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often seen in the literature, the rate determined by the number of live births per 1,000 women between 15 to 44 years old or some other defined age group.
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Age-Adjusted Fertility Rate
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the percentage of the magnitude of the difference between P1 and P2 indicates the absolute increase or decline in a population, typically rages between 0 and 4.0.
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Population Growth Rate
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population processes follow a predictable course of change.
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Demographic transitions
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corresponding changes occur in the pattern of diseases that dominate the health profile of a society.
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Epidemiologic transition
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- research that looks beyond changes in material standard of living and medical services to understand the behavioral and sociocultural factors that influence health conditions in all societies, with most work concentrated in poor countries.
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Health transition
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based on differing degrees of directness of effect for various etiologic factors affecting health.
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Casual Continuum
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variables that have a close, direct influence on health and illness
-beliefs, attitudes, behavior, genetics, biology |
Proximate
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linkages and pathways between proximate and distal
-health culture, family organization, social support, health care system, occupation |
Intermediate
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variables are more removed and affect problems more indirectly
-ecological setting, demographic features, political economy, social structure, cultural patterns |
Distal
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-Those that challenge the dominant paradigms of public health practice and argue for alternative approaches to improving the health of populations.
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Critical Perspective
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Stage models of health behavior are built around the principle that people rarely make significant changes in their health-related behavior all at once. Instead, they tend to go through predictable sequences of thinking about, trying out, and then adopting a behavior.
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Transtheoretical Model
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-One of the earliest multilevel models developed in the health field was the biopsychosocial model. Developed primarily to explain the complex interplay of biological and social factors in disease etiology, the model depicts multiple levels above and below the individual, arranged hierarchically from the most macrolevel at the top (global systems) down to the most microlevel at the bottom (genetic systems).
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Biopsychosocial Model
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-Refers to one’s perceived ability to carry out a behavior.
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Self-efficacy
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-Refers to someone’s actual ability to perform the behavior in real-life situations.
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Behavioral capability
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Describes how social relationships influence cognitions and behavior in a reciprocal process of dynamic interaction.
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Social Cognitive Theory
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-The model posits that the decision to take action to protect one’s health is determined by four factors:
1) Whether people consider themselves susceptible to the condition (perceived susceptibility). 2) Whether the condition is perceived as having serious personal consequences (perceived severity). 3) Whether a specific action is expected to reduce the risk of getting the condition or the consequences of it (perceived benefits). 4) Whether the perceived benefits of the action outweigh the subjective costs or barriers to taking action (perceived barriers). |
Health Belief Model
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structural quality of collectivities and “refers to the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of social interactions” within a focal community.
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Social capital
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- the behavioral norms and expectations associated with a defined status or position in the social structure
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Social roles
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cross-cultural and historical studies provide insights into the social construction of gender.
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Social construction
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First component made up of a series of planned assessments and data collection steps
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PRECEDE
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Second component, strategic implementation of multiple actions based on what was learned in the assessment
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PROCEED
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Four P’s of Marketing
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Price
Product Place Promotion |
