• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/60

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is articulartory phonetics concerned with?
Physiological mechanisms of speech production
What is acoustic phonetics concerned with?
Measuring and =analyzing hte physical properties of thes ound waves we produce when we speak
What are segments?
Individual phones like /s/, /s/, or /m/
What are features?
Smaller subunits that segments are made of
What is broad transcription?
Use the same symbol to represent two sounds that are not exactly the same phonetically
What is the sound source?
Larynx
What is the pharynx?
TUb of the throat between the larynx and the oral cavity
What is the space between the vocal folds called?
The glottis
What are the 4 glottal states?
1. Voiceless
2. Voiced
3. Whisper
4. Murmur/Breathy Voice
Which of the 4 glottal states does not occur in English?
Murmur/Breathy Voice
Give examples of the voiceless glottal state.
Initial sounds in fish, sing, and house
Give examples of the voiced glottal state.
Initial sounds in zip and vow
What are glides?
Share properties of both vowels and consonants
What are 3 difference between vowels and consonants?
1. Articulartory difference - airflow is either blocked mometarily or restricted so much that noice is produced as air flows past hte constriction

2. Acoustic difference - vowels are more sonorous

3. Syullabic/Nonsyllabic Sounds - greater sonority of vowels allows them to form the basis of syllables
What are the two types of glides?
1. Word-initial, as seen in yet and wet

2. Word-final, as ween in boy and now
What can the body and back of the tongue be jointly referred to as?
The dorsum
What are 8 places of articulation?
1. Labial
2. Dental/Interdental
3. Alveolar
4. Alveopalatal/Palatal
5. Velar
6. Uvular
7. Pharyngeal
Describe labial articulation.
Any sound made with closure or near-closure of the lips; sounds involving both lispp are bilabial; those involving the lower lip and upper teeth are called labiodentals, (such as /f/ in 'fire')
Describ dental/interdental articulation.
Phones produced with teh tongue placed against or near the teeth, such as /t/ and /s/ in French 'temps' and 'sept,' respectively.
Describe alveolar articulation.
Tongue touches or brought near small ridge that protrudes from just bhidn the upper front teeth

Ex.; Englihs words 'top' and 'deer'
Describe alveopalatal/palatal articulation.
Tongue uses are behind the alveolar ridge, where the roof ot he mouth rises sharply

Ex. 'sh' and 'ch' sounds
Describe velar articulation.
Tongue touches or touches near the soft are toward the reare of hte roof of the mouth, (the velum)

Ex.: Beginning of the words 'call' and 'guy'
Describe uvular articulation.
Tongue touches small fleshy flap of tissue that hangs down from the velum

Ex.: French 'r'
Describe pharyngeal articulation.
Sounds made through the modification of airflow through the pharynx, by retracting the tonug eor constructing the pharynx

Ex.: Can be found in many dialects of Arabic, but not English
What are stops?
Consonants made with the complete closure either in the oral cavity or at the glottis
What are the three types of stops?
1. Oral Stops - airflow is stopped completely
2. Glottal Stops - such as in 'uh-oh'
3. Nasal Stops
What are fricatives?
Consonants produced with a continuous airflow through the mouth
To which class of sounds do fricatives blong?
Continuants, which also includes vowels and glides
What 3 sounds are included in the continuant class?
1. Fricatives
2. Vowels
3. Glides
What are examples of English affricates?
Beginning sounds of 'chuch' and 'jump'
What are the nosier fricatives called?
Stridents/Sibilants
What are the quieter fricatives called?
Nonstrident
What is aspiration?
Lag or brief delay before voicing the following vowel after the release of certain voiceless stops in English

Ex.: Seen in 'spat' but not 'pat'
What are examples of liquids?
'l' and 'r'
What are laterals?
Varieties of 'l'
Give an example of a retroflex 'r'
Heard in 'ride'
Give an example of a flap 'r'
Heard in 'bitter' and 'butter'
How are different vowel qualities produced?
Varying the placement of the body of the tongue and shaping the lips
WHat are the two major types of English vowels?
Simple vowels and dipthongs
Give examples of simple vowels.
In: pit, set, cat, dog, suppose
What are dipthongs?
Exhibit a change in quality within a single syllable.
Give examples of dipthongs.
say, guy, cow, ice
How are tense vowels made?
Produced with a placement of the tongue that results in greater vocal tract constriction than that of a nontense vowel
HOw are lax vowels produced?
Roughtly the same tongue position as tense vowels, but iwith a less constricted articulation
What is a simple test to help detemrine whether vowels are tense or lax?
Monosyllabic words spoken in isolation do not end in lax vowels, as in: see, say, Sue, sow
What is a tone language?
Differences in word meaning are signaled by differences in pitch
What are level tones called that signal meaning differences?
Register tones
What is a terminal (intonation) contour
Falling intonation at the end of an utterance
What is a nonterminal (intonation) contour?
Rising or level intonation that signals incompleteness, such as in English question words
What is rising intonation often used to express politeness?
Rising intonatoin indicates that further response is expected ~ sounds less like an order ~ more polite
What is downdrift?
Each high tone is always lower than the preceding high tone, but higher than the low tone that immediatley preceds it
What is a stress?
Cover term for hte combined effects of pithc, loudness, and length - the result of which is perceived prominence
What is the articulatory process?
Articulatory adjustments that occur during the production of connected speech
What does assimilation result from?
The influence of one segmet on another; always results from a sound becoming more like another nearby sound in terms of one or more of its phonetic characteristics
What is nasalization of a vowel before a nasal consonant caused by?
Cause dby speakers anticipating the lowering of the velum in advance of a nasal segment.
What is flapping?
Process in which a dental or alveolar stop articulation changes to a flap /r/ articulation
wHat is dissimilation?
Opposite of assimilation; results in two sounds becoming less alike in articulatory or acoustic terms
Give examples of deletion.
Seen in parade and corrode
What is epithesis?
Process that inserts a syllabic or nonsyllabic segment within an existing string og segments
Give examples of epithesis?
something = sompthing
warmth = warmpth