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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is totalarianism? |
Complete government control over public and private lives of citizens |
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What is a radical? |
Wanting change disregarding tradition |
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What is reactionary? |
Opposing change, idealizing the past |
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Six methods totalarian regimes use to maintain power? |
Local, regional, and national organization Secret police Media censorship Youth, professional, culture, and athletic groups Indoctrination Scapegoat popular discontent |
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Was Nazi Germany reactionary or radical? |
Reactionary |
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What encouraged the USSR to do totalarianism? |
Historical authoritarianism Tradition of communitarianism |
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What encourage Nazi Germany to become totalarian? |
Historical authoritarianism WW1 defeat by liberal democracies |
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What was 80% of Russia? |
Peasants |
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Dramatic changes in Russia from 1860-20th century? |
Adoption of Classic Liberal ideas Industrialization Double population Remain autocracy, Democratic reforms had stalled implementation |
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What are dissidents? |
People disagreeing with government |
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Date of the Russian Empire? |
Before 1923 |
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Date of the Soviet Union? |
1922-1991 |
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Date of the Russian Federation? |
1922-present |
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What changes to society did the Russian Czar resist? |
Middle class wanting liberalism Peasants wanting private property Workers wanting to unionize |
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Who was Lenin? |
Leader of Soviet Union |
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What is the cult of the leader? |
Climate of hero worship of leader |
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What is the cult of the leader? |
Climate of hero worship of leader |
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What is a nationalistic policy? |
All decisions are to benefit the state |
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What is a nationalistic policy? |
All decisions are to benefit the state |
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What is censorship? |
Eliminating opposing views of the leader |
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What is indoctrination? |
Teach society how to follow the will of the leader |
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What is total conformity? |
Reward supporters of society, punish dissenters |
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What is a purge? |
Eliminate opposition to leader |
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What did Stalin do to history? |
Rewrote it to fit him |
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What did Stalin do to history? |
Rewrote it to fit him |
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What was the 5 year plan? |
Sold food to finance industry Build military to defend against Nazi Germany |
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What did Stalin nationalize? |
Farms |
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What does Lebensraum mean? |
Living space |
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What is anchluss? |
Unification of German speaking people |
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How did Russians live pre revolution? |
As poor peasants |
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Did Russians like the war against the Japanese? |
No |
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Did Russians like the war against the Japanese? |
No |
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Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks? |
Lenin |
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Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks? |
Lenin |
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What happened in November 7 1917? |
The November (October) revolution. Bolsheviks seized control of the government |
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What dis Lenin promise the people? |
Land peace bread |
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Ruler Of Russia before revolution? |
Czar Nicholas II |
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Did Russian soldiers like fighting in WW1? |
No |
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What was Stalin's motive on killing? |
Death solves all problems. No man, no problem |
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What religion did the Bolsheviks eliminate? |
All |
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What did Stalin do go Trotsky? |
Exile and kill him |
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What are Kulaks? |
Prosperous land owners |
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What was the Great Purge/Red Terror? |
Eliminating political opposition for Stalin |
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How was life under the Czar? |
Pretty bad. Lack of food caused demonstrations against him |
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What did workers do against Czar? What did Czar want to do against them? What happened? |
They strikes and rioted against government, Czar called troops to stop riots, troops joined protesters |
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Why was the New Economic Policy implemented? |
Peasants didn't like War Communism and protested |
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What were gulags? |
Death labour camps |
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What was the state police in Stalin Russia? What were they for? What did it later become? |
The Cheka, dedicated to fighting counter revolutionaries. Later became KGB |
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What were the 5 year plans? |
Plans to collectivise industry and industrialize - catching up to Western nations |
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What did Stalin need of peasants to make 5 year plans a reality? |
Heavy taxes, food for factory workers, surplus grain to export for cash |
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What is collectivization? |
Small farms joining into big ones |
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Who hated five year plans? |
Kulaks |
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What did peasants do to demonstrate against five year plans? |
Destroy crops, animals, equipments |
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What was the Holodomor? |
Genocide by starving Ukrainians to force them to collectivise and purge them |
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What exactly happened in Holodomor? |
Grain quotas skyrocketed, leaving none for citizens |
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What did the police do to prevent workers from moving jobs? |
Internal passports, so if anyone wants to move, they have to ask the police |
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Did workers carry report cards of misconducts? |
Yes |
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What were shock brigades in Russia? |
Dedicated young Communist workers |
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What were four big ideas Hitler wanted for Germany? |
•Revenge for treaty of Versailles •Need for a strong dictator •Elimination of threats to Germany •Unification of all German speakers and territory |
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What did Hitler write in prison? What were three important ideas in it? |
Mein Kampf. Ideas: •Race and Anti-Semitism •Lebensraum •Need for a leader (Fuhrer) |
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Why did people like Hitler? |
He promised the fix the catastrophic economy |
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What happened a week before a vote to gain Nazi support? |
Burning of Reichstag, giving Nazis huge support, so Hutler can pass Enabling Act, giving him total control over Germany |
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What did Hitler do with the Enabling Act? |
Banned all parties except Nazi, made himself both president and chancellor of Germany |
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What was the Night of the Long Knives? |
Hitler purged SA leadership, with the help of the German army. In return, Hitler said he'd give the army power if they swore loyalty to him |
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What was the Gestapo? |
Secret police in Germany capable arrest without trial |
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What did Hitler youth groups do? |
Indoctrinate youth to be loyal to Hitler |
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What did Hitler do economically? |
Public work projects like Autobahns (highways) Make factories converted to make weapons |
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What did Stalin do to history? |
Rewrote it to fit his needs |
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What does paternalistic mean? How does it apply to Stalin? |
Father Like. Propaganda made Stalin look like a father |
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What did Stalin do to education? |
Made it Communist |
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What did Stalin scapegoat? |
Kulaks |
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Who did Hitler scapegoat? |
Jews |
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What did the SA do? |
Force people to vote for Hitler |
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What was Kristallnacht? |
Night of the broken glass. Really anti-Jewish night instigated by a Jewish person attacking a German diplomat. Buildings ramsacked |
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How did Hitler get into power? |
Great Depression convinced people Nazis are good Reichstag fire slammed Communist reputation |
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How did Hitler become Der Fuhrer? |
President Hindenburg died, so Hitler combined the roles of president and chancellor into himself |
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What did soldiers do under Hitler? |
Swear oaths of loyalty to him |
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Characteristics of fascism in Nazi Germany? |
Extreme nationalism Anti liberalism Racism Collectivism Big business-state-military relationships |
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How was Nazi fascism really nationalistic? |
•Central European empire •Anschluss •Militarism and expansionism |
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How did business, military, and state cooperate under Nazi Germany? |
•Businesses cooperate with state •State prevents labour unions |
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How did Hitler help farmers? |
Gave them subsidies |
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What were the boy Hitler youth clubs? What did they focus on? |
Cubs Young German Boys Hitler Youth Labour services or armed forces Focused on military roles |
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What were girl Hitler youth clubs? What did they focus on? |
•Young Maidens •League of German Maidens •Focused on domesticity |
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How did Germany violate the Treaty of Versailles? |
•Stop paying reparations •Secret rearmament •Got Rhineland •Annexed Austria and Memel in Lithuania |
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What were the Nuremberg laws? Some terms of them? |
Anti Jewish laws. No Jewish and German marriage, Jews can't display Reich or national colours |
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How was Hitler appeased? |
Got the Sudtenland from the Munich agreement, and then all of Czechoslovakia afterwords |
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What was Kristalnacht? |
Night of the broken glass. Jewish property destroyed and Jews beaten |
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What was the Warsaw ghetto? |
Largest Jewish ghetto |
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What were concentration camps? |
Torture labour camps meant for undesireables |
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What were death camps? |
Camps used to mainly kill |
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What led to people not liking Czar? |
Bad social and economic conditions Slow reform Defeat in war vs Japan |
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After 1905 what reforms did the Czar allow? |
Basic civil rights Universal suffrage Duma, an elected legislature |
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Who led 1917 revolution and name of his followers |
Lenin, Bolsheviks |
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What did Lenin promise people? |
Land, peace, bread |
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What was the white army? |
Group wanting democracy |
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What does the USSR stand for? |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
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Post Treaty of Versailles, what government was Germany? |
Liberal democratic republic |
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What was the German Parliament? |
Reichstag |
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What was the liberal democratic republic Germany called? |
Weimar Republic |
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Terms of the Treaty of Versailles? |
•War guilt clause •Demilitarize Rhineland •Limit army and navy •Wilhelm II tried as war criminal •$33 billion in reparation •Territories Germany annexed given to other countries •No getting military equipment |
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How did the economic situation in Germany allow the Nazi party power? |
They said they can solve: Huge inflation Depression Dawes plam |
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How did the legacy of authoritarian rule help Hitler get power? |
People were used to authoritarianism |
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How did nationalism, militarism, and law and order help Hitler get power? |
Germans liked nationalism and peace |
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How did racism help Nazis get power? |
Nazis scapegoated the Jewish population, which worked with existing anti-semitism |
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What did Lenin want to modify and why? |
Communism because people weren't liking it, and it wasn't developed in a Russian context |
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Characteristics of War Communism? |
•Market is illegal •Business abolished •Property taken •Nationalize business •Take surplus crops •Labour conscripted •Goods rationed |
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What policy did Lenin make after War Communism failed? |
The New Economic Policy |
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Traits of the New Economic Policy? |
Private property Small business Surplus crops after quota sold |
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What is the dictatorship of the proletariat? |
Communist control proletariat |
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What did Bolshevik fear about continuing New Economic Policy? |
Russia might be capitalist instead of Communist |
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What were the five year plans? |
Plans to industrialized Russia and increase production from industry |
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What was collectivization? |
Combine private property into big farms called Kolkhozes |
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What were kulaks? |
Prosperous landowners |
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What happened to kulaks when collectivization happened? |
Deported, arrested, executed |
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What did kulaks do in response to Stalin's Five Year Plans? |
Destroy crops, animals, equipment |
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What was the Great Purge? |
Political repression by Stalin where senior Communist party members elimimated |
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What was "bring art to the masses"? |
Propaganda postcards |
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What was fascism an expression of for Hitler? |
His hatred for liberalism, Jews, and Communistsq |
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What was the burning of the Reichstag? Who did Hitler blame it on? What law was passed in response? |
Reich burned, Hitler blamed Communists, allowing the Enabling Act, which gave Hitler power to pass laws without consulting legislature first for 4 years |
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What was the Night of the Long Knives? |
SA leaders purged to ensure Hitler's power |
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What does Fuhrer mean? |
Leader |
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Why did Autarky make lots of economic growth for Hitler? |
Industrialists helped because unions banned Public projects Rearmament help industry Guarantee purchase of local stuff Industries got subsidies |
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4 negatives of Autarky? |
•Little worker rights •Extreme regulation •Raw material access controlled •Paranoia to increase product price |
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Why were Jews scapegoated? |
•They owned industry •They part of government who signed Treaty of Versailles |
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Nuremberg Laws terms? |
•Jews can't be professionals, limited •Jewish students in public schools •No Jewish soldiers •Jews can't change names or wear Reich colours or hoist flag |
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2 groups Hitler used to control population? |
Gestapo, SS |
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How did Aryan life improve? |
•Better transportation •Security •Hope and confidence from rallies |
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What was the Law of Encouragement of Marriage? |
Laws giving money to newlyweds and parents |
