Soci 375 U Of C Midterm #1

Front 1

Ethnicity was derived from the greek word 'ethnos'. What does "ethnos" mean?

Back 1

'people' or 'nation'

Front 2

What was Durkheims theory of collective consiousness an embodiment of?

Back 2

The "us" vs. "them" concept.

Front 3

What are the two major approaches to study ethnicity?

Back 3

Objective and Subjective Analysis

Front 4

What is the objective approach to study ethnicity? (2 points)

Back 4

1) considers ethnicity as fixed and permanent, ascribed at birth, and derived from kin and clan . 2) external observable factors- folklore,dance, language

Front 5

What is the subjective approach to study ethnicity? (3 points)

Back 5

1) considers ethnicity as changing and dynamic;

2) situational

3) internal phenomenon (attitudes, feelings)

Front 6

How does the subjective approach study a given group?

Back 6

1) exploration of internal markers, including the consciousness individuals have about their social status, and how this shapes the overall groups social status, power relations, etc.

Front 7

How does the objective approach study a group?

Back 7

Exploration of external aspects of the group- folklore, institutions, networks, language, etc.

Front 8

What are the three types of ethnic groups?

Back 8

1) Primary and Secondary Ethnic groups

2) Young and Old Ethnic groups

3) majority and minority ethnic groups

Front 9

what is the objective difference between primary and secondary ethnic groups?

Back 9

the place of origin where the groups cutlure emerged: primary live in the same place in which historically they have been formed and secondary currently live in a place different than where it was formed

Front 10

what is the subjective viewpoint of the difference between primary and secondary ethnic groups?

Back 10

a primary ethic group may itself have been a secondary ethnic group in relation to its ancestors; ex development of a secondary ethnic group into primary

Front 11

Who provided the first account of ethnic interactions?

Back 11

Herodotus

Front 12

what term does weber use to describe institutionalized process and practices whereby members of an in group have access to scarce resources?

Back 12

Monopolistic closure

Front 13

Who is Micheal Banton?

Back 13

defined racism as the doctrine that a man's behaviour determined by stable inherited characteristics from separate racial stocks

Front 14

Who is Max Weber

Back 14

1) Offers definitions of ethnic group, tribe, and nationality.

2) Offers the idea of monopolistic closure (in group gets the scarce resource)

Front 15

What are the seven stages of assimilation? who's theory is this?

Back 15

Milton Gordon:

1) Cultural/behavioural assimilation

2) Structural Assimilation

3) Marital Assimilation

4) Identificational Assimilation

5) Attitude receptional assimilation

6) Behaviour receptional assimilation

7) Civic Assimilation

Front 16

What is the difference between the young and old ethnic groups?

Back 16

young is made up of first and first half generations of the immigrant (2nd gen is small in size and young in age). old is those already established in larger society, have high portion of adult 2nd and 3rd consecutive generations

Front 17

what is the difference between majority and minority ethnic groups?

Back 17

majority determines the character of the society's main political, cultural, and economic institutions (norms of the society as a whole). minority is excluded or has minor influence on dominant institutions

Front 18

what are the three ways to describe racism?

Back 18

described in terms of physical, genetic, or ascriptive characteristic

Front 19

two definitions of racism (as an ideology and as a practice)

Back 19

ideology: ideas, values, assumptions, beliefs, that marginalize minority racial groups.

practice: actions that result in marginalization and disadvantages to the minority

Front 20

what is the difference between racism and discrimination?

Back 20

racism is based on features such as skin color, while discrimination is based on other ethnicity related factors: gender, religion, language

Front 21

What are the two types (dimensions) of racism?

Back 21

Scientific and Modern Racism

Front 22

What is scientific racism? When was is most prominent?

Back 22

It is the biological classification of populations into distinct races based on inferiority and superitority (1950/60), and spanned from the 19th to mid 20th century. Focused on physical features such as nose, color, size of skull, etc.

Front 23

What is modern Racism?

Back 23

Used to include and exclude. 4 types:

Systemic, Institutional, Individual, and Democratic.

Front 24

Systemic Racism

Back 24

peoples way of knowing, learning, and doing things. is at the macro level and legimatizes racist ideas and practices.

Front 25

Institutional Racism

Back 25

Policies and practices that operate to sustain the disadvantage of minority racial groups

Front 26

Individual Racism

Back 26

refers to individual ideas, expression of feelings, behaviours, actions towards minority racial groups

Front 27

Democratic Racism

Back 27

coexistence of two conflicting sets of values. one set consists of a commitment to liberal, democratic society and conflicts with ideas that result in discrimination against marginalized groups.

Front 28

Who's theory is the Race Relations Cycle? What is it?

Back 28

Robert Park, founder of the Chicago school of sociology. Involves four distinct phases: contact, conflict, accomodation, assimilation

Front 29

What is the alternative to Assimilation?

Back 29

Cultural Pluralism

Front 30

Cultural Pluralistic Society

Back 30

comprised of numerous cultures that interact in a number of ways while showing tolerance for one another

Front 31

Multiculturalism Policies (3)

Back 31

1) Education

2) Equity programs

3) Civic Participation

Front 32

Who was Herodotus?

Back 32

Greek historian, gave accounts of the first ethnic interactions between the Persians and the Greeks, and argued that they were an ethnic group because of common descent, language, gods, sacred places, a mores (ways of life)

Front 33

Who was Edward Gibbon?

Back 33

British historian, who studied the Byzantine and Roman Empires. Argued that Arabs we lawless, violent, and vindictive; he wrote from a ethnocentric perspective.

Front 34

What is the "two treaties of government?"

Back 34

By John Locke, specified conditions under which wars were justified: slave expeditions for example.

Front 35

Who is Voltaire?

Back 35

French philosopher. Believed in polygenism (different races evolved separately from each other) and argued that whites are superior.

Front 36

Who is Emile Durkheim?

Back 36

uses the concept of collective consciousness as a source of identity formation. (ex. love for your own country creates an "us" vs. "them" feeling)

Front 37

Define Culture

Back 37

a set of dynamic social practices and processes, collective response of socially constituted individuals to their ever changing external conditions.

Front 38

Define Assimilation

Back 38

the process by which members of ethnic groups are incorporated into the dominant culture of society (isajiw)

Front 39

Define Collective Ethnic Identity

Back 39

Refers to the existence of a certain consensus within the group about what constitutes it as such and differentiates it from other groups. (Kallen,1995)

Front 40

Define Individudal Ethnic Identity

Back 40

refers to the relationship of individuals to their own ethnic collectivity (Kallen, 1995)

Front 41

Define diachronic dimensions of ethnicity

Back 41

include the ancestry, homeland, and culture associated with one's ethnic group. The core of one's ethnic identity.

Front 42

Define synchronic dimensions of ethnicity

Back 42

refer to the ways in which an individual or ethnic collectivity is defined, evaluated, or treated by others.

Front 43

Three evaluations of ethnic institutions (Kallen)

Back 43

Expressive ( folk customs), Orginizational (institutions) and Instrumental (Political Power)

Front 44

What is the main argument for Herrnstein, Murray, and Rushton?

Back 44

Different races are biologically different (looks at blacks, whites, and orientals) Rushton goes further and looks at the different sexual behaviours.