Soci 201: Ch 6 Vocab

Front 1

assimilate

Back 1

the process by which minorities, indigenous peoples, and immigrants lose their distinctive cultural characteristics to become like member of the dominant culture

Front 2

conflict deviance

Back 2

behavior that is subject to debate over whether or not it is deviant

Front 3

contested

Back 3

describing a practice whose moral goodness or badness, normalcy or deviance, is disputed by some members of society

Front 4

corporate crimes

Back 4

offenses committed by corporations or corporate officials

Front 5

covert characteristics

Back 5

the unstated qualities that might make a particular group a target for sanctions

Front 6

delinquent subculture

Back 6

the subordinate culture of teen gangs

Front 7

dominant culture

Back 7

the culture that through its political and economic power is able to impose its values, language, and ways of behaving and interpreting behavior on a given society

Front 8

essentialism

Back 8

the view that every ethnic group is made up of a set readily identifiable traits that have been passed down from the past to the present with little or no change

Front 9

hallucination

Back 9

an image of something that is not considered to be "objectively" there

Front 10

heteronormative

Back 10

denoting or relating to the norms, mores, rules, and laws that uphold heterosexual standards of identity and behavior and heterosexuality as natural and universal

Front 11

labelling theory

Back 11

the throy that individuals and groups outside the mainstream internalize the labels applied to them by the dominant class

Front 12

marked terms

Back 12

terms with a qualifying or distinguishing label added to it

Front 13

misogyny

Back 13

practices or beliefs in a patriarchal culture that show contempt for women

Front 14

moral entrepreneur

Back 14

someone who tried to convince others of the existence of a particular social problem that he or she has defined

Front 15

multiculturalism

Back 15

the set of policies and practices directed towards the respect for cultural differences in a country

Front 16

negative sanctions

Back 16

ways of punishing people who contravene cultural norms

Front 17

non-utilitarian

Back 17

denoting actions that are not deigned to gain financial rewards or desired possessions

Front 18

norm

Back 18

rules of standard behavior expected of a group, society, or culture

Front 19

normalized

Back 19

made to seem "normal," "right" and "good"

Front 20

occupation crimes

Back 20

offenses committed by individuals for themselves in the course of their occupations, or by employees against their employees

Front 21

other

Back 21

an exotic, often fearful image conjured up by the dominant culture of a racialized subordinate culture

Front 22

overt characteristics

Back 22

actions or qualities taken as explicitly violating the cultural norm

Front 23

patriarchal construct

Back 23

a set of social conditions structured in a way that favors men and boys over women and girls

Front 24

positive sanctions

Back 24

ways of rewarding people for following the norms of a society

Front 25

racializing deviance

Back 25

the creation of a connection, through various media, between a racialized group and a form of deviance or crime

Front 26

racial profiling

Back 26

actions undertaken supposedly of safety, security, or public protection, based on racial stereotypes, rather than reasonable suspicion

Front 27

social constructionism

Back 27

the idea that social identities such as gender, ethnicity and race do not exist naturally but are constructed by individuals or groups for different social purposes

Front 28

social resources

Back 28

the knowledge and ability required to get what one needs from the system

Front 29

status frustration

Back 29

a feeling of failure to succeed in middle class terms or institutions

Front 30

strain theory

Back 30

the theory that individuals are dram to crime because of the frustration they feel at being prevented by their real-life circumstances from attaining society's culturally defined goals

Front 31

subculture theory

Back 31

the theory that youths drawn to crime are those who becomes socialized into a delinquent culture in which the values of middle class institutions are inverted

Front 32

subculture

Back 32

a group that is organized around occupations or hobbies differing from those of the dominant culture but that is not engaged in any significant opposition to the dominant culture

Front 33

unmarked terms

Back 33

a term without any distinguishing or delimiting term added (the usual form)

Front 34

vision quest

Back 34

a rite of passage in which adolescent leaves the community for a brief period and goes without eating or sleeping in or to have a vision that will teach him or her such things as what guardian spirit he or she may have and what songs he or she would have as personal songs

Front 35

white collar crimes

Back 35

non violent crimes committed by a person of the middle or upper middle class in the course of his or her job

Front 36

stigma

Back 36

a human attribute that is seen to discredit an individual's social identity

Front 37

bodily stigmata

Back 37

any of various physical deformities

Front 38

moral stigmata

Back 38

perceived flaws in the character of an individual

Front 39

tribal stigmata

Back 39

being of a particular lineage or family that has been stigmatized