Soca Exam Ii Study Notes

Front 1

Emergent Norms.

Back 1

Norms that are situationally created to support a collective action.

Front 2

Frame alignment.

Back 2

The process by which the interest, understandings, and values of a social movement organization are rendered congeuent with those of the wider society.

Front 3

Reactionary Social Movement

Back 3

Movements seeking to restore an earlier social system often based on a mythical past, along with the traditional norms and values that icne oresumablu accompanied it.

Front 4

Grassroots Organizing.

Back 4

Attempts to mobiliz support among the ordinary members of a community.

Front 5

Rebellions.

Back 5

Movements seeking to overthrow the existing social, political, and economic systems, but lacking detailed plans or a new social order.

Front 6

Reformist Social Movement.

Back 6

Movements seeking to bring about social change within the economic and political systems.

Front 7

Resource Mobilization.

Back 7

A theory about social movement organizations that focuses on their ability to generate money, membership, and political support in order to achieve their objectives.

Front 8

Revolutionary Social Movement.

Back 8

Movements seeking to fundamentally alter the existing social, political, and economic system in keeking with a vision of a new social order.

Front 9

Social Movement.

Back 9

A large number of people who come together in a continuing and organized fashion to bring about (or resist) social change, and who rely at least partially on noninstitutionalized forms of political action.

Front 10

Social Movement Organization.

Back 10

Formal organizations that seek to achieve social change through noninstitutionalized forms of political action.

Front 11

Utopuan Social Movement

Back 11

Movements seekng to withdraw from the dominant society by creating their own social ideal communities.

Front 12

Collective Behavior.

Back 12

Voluntary, goal-oriented action that occurs in relatively disorganized situations in which society's predominant social norm and values cease to govern individual behavior.

Front 13

Conscience Constituents.

Back 13

People who provide resources for a social movement organization who are not themselves members of the aggrived group that the organization champions.

Front 14

Craze.

Back 14

An inteense atteaction to wn object, a person, or an activity.

Front 15

Crowds.

Back 15

Temporary gathering of closely interacting people with a common focus.

Front 16

Rumor.

Back 16

Unverified forms of information that are transmitted informally, usually orginating in unknown sources.

Front 17

Rise-&-Fall Theories of Social Change

Back 17

Theories that see social change as characterized by a cycle of growth and decline.

Front 18

Riot.

Back 18

An illegal, prolonged outbreak of violent behavior by a sizable group if people directed against people or property.

Front 19

Panic.

Back 19

A massive fight from something that is feared.

Front 20

New Social Movement.

Back 20

Movement that have arisen since the 1960s and are more fundamentally concerned with the quality of private life, often advocating large-scale in how people think and act.

Front 21

Fashions.

Back 21

Styles of immitative behavior or appearance that are of longer duration than fads.

Front 22

Free Rider Problem.

Back 22

The problem that many people avoid the cost of social movement activism (such as time, energy, or other epraonal resources) and still benefit from its success.

Front 23

Fads.

Back 23

Temporary, highly imitated outbreajd of inconvntional behavior.

Front 24

Differentation.

Back 24

The development of increasing societal complexity through the creation of specialized social roles and institutions.

Front 25

Dyad.

Back 25

A group consisting of two persons.

Front 26

Legitimate Authority.

Back 26

A type of power that is recognized as rightful by those over whom it is exercised.

Front 27

Personal Power.

Back 27

Power that derives from a leader's personality.

Front 28

Structualism

Back 28

The idea that an overarching structure exists within which culture and other saspects of society must be understood.

Front 29

Positional Power.

Back 29

Power tha stems fofficially from the leadership position itself.

Front 30

Alliance (Coalition)

Back 30

A subgroup that forms betwen group members, enabling them to dominate the group in their own interest.

Front 31

Coercive Organization.

Back 31

Organization in which people are forced to give unquestioned obedience to authority.

Front 32

Triad.

Back 32

A group consisting of three persons.

Front 33

Organization.

Back 33

A group with an identiciable membership that engages in concerted collective actions to achieve a common purpose.

Front 34

Transformational Leader.

Back 34

A leader wh is able to instill in members of a group a sense of misison or higher purpose, thereby changung the nature of the group itself.

Front 35

Groupthink.

Back 35

A process by whuch the members of a group ognre ways of thinking and plans of action that go against group consensus.

Front 36

Normative Organization.

Back 36

Organizations that people join of their own will to pursue morally worthwile goals without expectation of material reward; Sometimes called voluntary association.

Front 37

Social Closure.

Back 37

The ability of a group to strategically and consciously exclude outsiders or this ose deemed "undesirable" from participating in the group or enjoying the group's resources.

Front 38

Transactional Leader.

Back 38

A leader who is concerned with acomplishing the group's tasks, getting group members to do their jobs, and making certain that the group achieves its goals.

Front 39

Iron Law of Oligarchy.

Back 39

Robert Michel's theory that there is an inevitiable tendacy for a large-scale bureaucratic organization to become ruled undemocratically by a handful of behavior.

Front 40

International Nongovernmental Organization.

Back 40

An international organization established by agreements between individuals or private organizations making up its membership and existing to fulfill an explicit mission.

Front 41

International Governmental Organization

Back 41

An international organization established by treaties between governments for purposes of commerce, security, promotion of social welfare and human rights, or environmental protection.

Front 42

Economic Capital.

Back 42

Money and material that can be used to access valued goods and services.

Front 43

Formal Organization.

Back 43

An organizaion that is rationally designed to achieve its objectives, often by means of explicit rules, regulations, and procedures.

Front 44

Utilitarian Organization.

Back 44

Organizations seeking to withdraw from the dominant society by creating their own ideal communities.