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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Marital status (over 15)
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31% never married, 50% married, 11 % divorced, 2% separated , 6% widowed
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States that allow same sex marriages
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mass, new Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Iowa, DC, Cali (in court)
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Defense of marriage act (1996)
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marriage between man and woman
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-Why do we get married?
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-historically people thought it was better to get married.
-people who are married are happier -Marriage protection hypothesis --- Less problems (smoke less, avoid high-risk behavior, more stable lives, live longer, smarter) -Selection affect – all these positives could be why they are married -men tend to be happier in marriage then women but both married are stil happier |
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-What does marriage do for us?
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an avenue for personality formation
-avenue for status ascription (gain status as married people). -nuturant socialization (we are cared for and can care for others). -Avenue for tension management -(also manage sexual urges, less a function today than in past). |
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-Marriage benefit from man and woman
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-men receive more mental health benefits for marriage, women receive more financial benefits
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Power
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: ability to influence others to do what we want them to do (don’t always have to exercise just have the ability.
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Power theory of resources
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person with greater resources has the greater power. The resources that give us power can be income, wealth, physical strength, age, beauty, level of energy, level of good health --- can see the level of power shift (i.e. if someone gets sick, loses money etc)
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Egalitarian ethic of marriage
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focuses on joint decision making (sharing marital power) --- more resources (more education/wealth) more equal.
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Feminists on marriage power
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-women may conform to male because she knows what he wants, even if they don’t have a disagreement
-it is not a one time decision, its an on going daily process. Participating in public acts of egalitarian decisions. Joint decisions about purchases….etc. Support the spouses decision of career |
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-Marital quality/ satisfaction
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social scientists construct specific questions they can ask a couple to attempt to gage where they are on the scale. In the earlier years people tend to be more satisfied, then over the years it dips (when you get kids, hits low point when children are teens) – it goes up when kids go off to college --- (U shaped curve)
-more stress, less focus on relationship -not to be confused with life satisfaction or marital stability (stability only means that you are together, doesn’t mean you are happy) |
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Commitment to relationship
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commitment is a motivation to maintain a relationship. Not all commitments are based off same notion
-personal commitment ( I want to stay in relationship) -structural commitment (I need to stay in relationship) -moral commitment (I ought to stay, bc that’s the right thing to do)) |
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-Gay/straight marriage
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-both partners have the same gender socialization – in typical opposite sex relationships male and female have learned opposite socialization, same sex have same gender socialization.
-Power struggles are not based on gender. -They exist in very non-supportive environment |
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-Feminization of poverty
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the impression that women are increasingly likely to be poor because of the increasing number of poverty in female headed families
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Rubin Reading
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1979-1984, (changes in economy created poverty) 50% of black males who worked in manufacturing lost their job
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Poverty
-structural model -cultural model |
-Structural model: macrolevel causes
-Conflict theory: through inheritance – wealth/power is passed down - Functionalism: people with skills make money. Certain skills/opportunity are passed down -Cultural model: lifestyles and values of families -oscar lewis, , culture of poverty -culture to save money or go to college |
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-African American families
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-only group that were legally enslaved for over 200 years
-economy was based on blacks running plantations -25% of whites in the south owned slaves -slaves had no legal rights, couldn’t marry, no legal rights to children, gender equality |
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-African American families
-sharecropping |
-Sharecropping: an arrangement with the same work but an agreement with the farm owner to share profit of what you produce.
-After civil war, no individuals could own other people |
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-African American families
-the great migration |
-machines changed agriculture, many blacks left the rural south
-young men first moved to cities for manufacturing jobs, women did domestic work |
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-what we need to do to bolster AA life
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. welfare should help lift the poor out of poverty
2. programs are needed to improve the health care of poor women and their children 3. improvements in education |
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-American Indians
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median age so low because of
-high death rates -high birth rates -high rates of alcoholism -high suicide rates -high crime rates -life expectancy just over 50 years -lowest income, poorest quality of housing |
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endogamy
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mate selection from within the group
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exogamy
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mate selection from outside the group
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homogamy
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selection of mates from those with similar social characteristics
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heterogamy
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selection of mates from among those with different social characteristics
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assortive mating
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persons marry others like themselves more often than would be expected by chance.
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- miscegenation laws
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: formal norms against marriage of persons of different races
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mesalliance
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marriage with a person of lower social position
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hypergamy
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: marriage in which the woman marries to a higher social level
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hypogamy
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marriage in which the woman marries into a lower social level
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propinquity
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marry mate who lives nearby
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