Soc Final

Front 1

Relativity of deviance

Back 1

What is considered deviant varies across soieties

Front 2

Normative behavior

Back 2

A behavior that is accepted as normal, conforms with societies standards

Front 3

Nonsociological approaches to deviance

Back 3

Deviance based on biological factors, physical characteristics, personality factors

Front 4

Responses to anomie

Back 4

a state of social confusion. Society fails to exercise regulation of goals and desires of members

Front 5

Differential opportunities to deviate

Back 5

If you are given the opportunity to deviate you are more likely to do it

Front 6

Deviance as learned behavior

Back 6

one learns a deviant behavior through a kind of socialization

Front 7

Societal reaction/labeling theory

Back 7

being judged and labeled "deviant" has significant consequences for peoples behavior

Front 8

Primary and secondary deviance

Back 8

Primary-deviant acts that most everyone does from time to time
Secondary- deviant behavior that occurs after and because of the fact that they have been labeled deviant

Front 9

Stratification

Back 9

Society is made up of many sociological layers arranged in a hierarchy

Front 10

legitimating rationale

Back 10

Widely accepted beliefs that some things are fair and just
Ex: laws that punish people

Front 11

Marx's conception of class

Back 11

People fall into social classes, lower, middle, and upper class

Front 12

Kuznet's curve

Back 12

The graphic relationship between means of production are the level of stratifications is parabolic

Front 13

Power versus authority

Back 13

authority is power that is seen as justified and power is the ability to get people to do what you want

Front 14

Status and prestige

Back 14

Prestige is the degree to which an individual has social honor. Status is the position one occupies in a social structure

Front 15

Manumission

Back 15

Formal process by which slaves would be free

Front 16

Social mobility

Back 16

Moving around within social status

Front 17

Louis Wirth, minority/dominant group

Back 17

With every dominant, there is a minority and vice versa

Front 18

"ISMS"

Back 18

Discrimination on the individual and institutional level. Ex: Agism, anti-semitism, racism and sexism

Front 19

Pyramiding effect of discrimination

Back 19

accumulation of blatent avoidance, verbal harassement, physical attacks and subtle slights over the course of time

Front 20

Race as a social constraint

Back 20

Socially constructed attribute, tied to beliefs and differences and physical makeup of different individuals

Front 21

Ethnicity

Back 21

Shared culture, heritage

Front 22

Gender as a social construct

Back 22

Social expectations about how males and females ought to act

Front 23

Margaret Mead, study of three New Guinea societies

Back 23

showed how societies overlook the real sense of differences (not just gender)

Front 24

Prejudice

Back 24

An unjustified prejudgement, misjudgement

Front 25

Individual discrimination

Back 25

When an individual discriminates against another individual

Front 26

Institutional discrimination

Back 26

Involves a denial of equal opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from normal operations of society

Front 27

Robert merton typology of prejudice and discrimination

Back 27

Not all people who are prejudice practice discrimination and not all people who discriminate are prejudice

Front 28

Matthew effect

Back 28

The notion that people who gain wealth find it easier to get more wealth

Front 29

Oscar Lewis, "culture of poverty"

Back 29

Turns poverty into a vicious cycle. Tends to perpetuate itself from generation to generation because of its effect on children

Front 30

Blaming the victim

Back 30

Unjustly stating that the cause of the problem is the individual, when the real cause is the social environment

Front 31

Tracking (in schools)

Back 31

Process by which school children receive different education content based on their perceived aptitude

Front 32

Collective conscience

Back 32

The totality of beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of the same society

Front 33

Structural strain

Back 33

The amount of stress in a society that affects an individual (pg 173)

Front 34

Conformity

Back 34

Adapting to the goals of success even when it doesn't get one anywhere

Front 35

Innovation ritualism

Back 35

Accept the accepted goals but devise new ones when necessary. Ritualists follow and legitimate means without...

Front 36

Retreatism

Back 36

Reject both the goals and legitimate means to them. Ex: stoner

Front 37

Egoism

Back 37

When people are not well integrated into society

Front 38

Rebellion

Back 38

rebels are deviant in that they reject both cultural goals and means and substitute new ones

Front 39

Caste system

Back 39

A completely closed system of stratification in which statuses are given at birth. The most closed system

Front 40

Estate system

Back 40

As in caste system, status is determined by birth. A mostly closed system, although through the church or knighthood there was a little room for advancement

Front 41

Intragenerational mobility

Back 41

Has to do with mobility within a persons lifetime

Front 42

Intergenerational mobility

Back 42

Occurs with changes in position in the stratification system by different generations of family members

Front 43

SES (socioeconomic status)

Back 43

A person's wealth, prestige, education, determines place in the social system