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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
consensus perspective
(also known as functionalism) |
-socities maintain relative equilibrium through adjustive and supportive interaction of principal institutions
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conflict perspective
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-the social structures and cultural ideas reflect the interests of only some members of society rather than society as a whole
ex. feminism or marxism |
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strain theory
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-ppl feel strain when they have cultural goals they are unable to obtain b/c they don't have culturally approved means of achieving those goals
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mechanical solidarity
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-(Durkeim)
-a community bonding or interdependency of similiarity of beliefs and values, shared activities, and ties of kinship and cooperation |
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organic solidarity
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-(Durkheim)
-interdependency created by the specialization of roles where ppl and institutions become dependent on others in a complex division of labor |
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anomie
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-(Durkheim)
-an absence of societal norms and values, ppl lack social regulation and feel unguided in the decisions they make |
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social structure
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-pattern and stable arrangment of roles and statuses in socities and social institutions
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culturally perscribed aspiration
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-rejection that aspiration is self-created, but is defined by culture and transmitted by other members of society
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opportunity structure
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-opportunity is shaped by the way the society or institution is organized or structured
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absolute deprivation
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-the inability to sustain oneself physically and materially
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relative deprivation
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-deprivation is not judged against some absolute standard, but against others around you
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subculture
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-a group of ppl who share a distinct set of cultural beliefs and behaviors that differ from larger society
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human capital
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-talents and capabilities that ppl contribute to the process of production
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middle class measuring rod
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-children and youth of the lower class measured against middle-class standards
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reaction formation
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-lower class children who cannot succeed when measured to middle class criteria, reverse these values and obtain status by doing the opposite
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mutual conversion
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-conversion to deviance is not a solitary activity, but achieved through a process of interaction with others
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lower-class culture
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-the lower class has developed and transmits to its children , a different set of cultural values and expectations
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2 sociological theoretical perspectives
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a. consensus perspective
b. conflict perspective |