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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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operationally defined
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-to define some concept of study in such a way that it can be observed and measured.
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recidivism
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-where an individual commits new criminal offences after having been sentenced for previous crimes
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rate of recidivism
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* difficult to measure *
-a basic tool in evaluating the effectiveness of various corrections programs |
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logitudinal study
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-measures the relationships btwn variables over a period of time
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cross sectional investigation
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-a study, survey, or measurement of a phenomenon or a popn taken at one point of time
ex. census survey |
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monozygotic twins
(identical twins) |
-from a single egg that divides after fertilization for 2 embryos
-share same sex and same genetic material |
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dizygotic twins
(fraternal twins) |
- 2 fertilized eggs
- no more genetic material than siblings, can be different sex |
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statistically significant
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-determining whether differences btwn groups is because of chance
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statistically significant difference
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-unlikely that the differences could have occured by chance
ex. 0.05/100 |
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etiological factor
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-a factor that encourages or causes a particular outcome
ex. drug addict leads to prostitution |
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social intervention program
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-activity by gov't, social agencies, and volunteers designed to change and improve the social situations of individuals, groups, and communities
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electrodermal response
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-electrical activity of the sweat glands of the skin
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tests of electrodermal activity
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-correlation btwn skin conductivity and tendency to delinquency, aggresiveness, and recidivism
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most biological factors
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-are only indirectly related to criminal behavior
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biological factors that directly affect criminal behavior
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-are rare
ex. tumors, brain disease, and certain forms of epilepsy with brain damage |
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ppl with major mental disorders
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-greater risk to commit crimes, especially crimes of violence
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