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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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correlate
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-any variable that is related to another variable
-age and sex are the two strongest correlates of crime |
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correlation
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-a relationship that exists when 2 or more variables are associated
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2 explanations for why a correlation exists
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a. causal
b. theory |
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a causal explanation
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-a change in one variable is from or intiates change in another variable
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sex and age variables
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-more commonly the young male commits the crime
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maturational reform
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-involvement in crime tends to decrease as people age
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salient life events
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-leaving school, entering the labor market, and getting married influence the likelihood of criminal behavior
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role convergance hypothesis
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-one explanation for the rising crime rate among women has been that their roles have become similiar to (converged with) those of men
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overrepresentation
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-a group that has a # of members in greater numbers than their pop'n would suggest
(ex. overrepresentation of aboriginals in crime) |
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cultural explanation
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-an explanation for crime that is phrased in terms of the culture of subgroup or the culture of that nation
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structural explanation
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-an explanation for crime that focuses on social structure
ex. inequality, poverty... |
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social class
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-those of lower SES more criminality
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criminality and geographic region
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-based on countries, regions within a country, communities, and urban neighbourhoods
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Canada crime
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-most in the west and north
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social organization theory
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-an increase in crime is attributed to increasing size, density, and heterogeneity of a community
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routine activities theory
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-demographic composition and other features of urban locations affects crime rates
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the most important correlates of crime
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a. age
b. sex c. race d. social class e. region |
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age and crime
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-after peaking in late adolescence/early adulthood, crime decreases with increasing age
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men and crime
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-more likely to be involved in violent crimes and serious property offences
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women and crime
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-increase in small property crimes such as theft and fraud
(increase in past 3 decades) |
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alcohol and aboriginals
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-plays a major role indirectly and directly to the overrepresentation of aboriginals
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most research on crime and social class
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-conflicting
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low SES
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-mostly commit violent and property crimes like B&E, or theft
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high SES
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-corporate and white-collar crimes
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less developed countries
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-have higher violent crime rates
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larger communities and neighborhoods near the city center
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-have higher crime rates
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crime and region explanations
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-theories that stress economic inequality, social disorganization, and opportunities for crime
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