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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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From Antiquity to late 18th century: How they say the body
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One Body / Two Genders
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19th Century onwards: How they saw the body
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Two Bodies / Two Genders
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Both men and women...
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shared the same body, its functions, its desires, and its burdens.
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The body and celestial order
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The human body was part of a celestial and social order. The body organs in general, and the sexes, in particular, are but a sign of the body’s place in the cosmos.
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The role of science
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Churchmen and medical doctors were primarily doctors of the soul. Science is engaged in the battle over meaning.
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The changing body
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The body was not fixed, not a biological given. The body was fluid, changing, adaptable to social discourse.
These fluids, whether hot, cold, moist or dry, were in constant flux, in motion, turning into one another, and determining the context within which a particular gender expresses itself. Ex.: milk is produced by blood. Bodies could also change in sex Bodies could evolve from inferior to superior, that is, from female to male but not otherwise. Marie Germain |
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The gendered order
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The external corporeal (Of or relating to a person's body, esp. as opposed to their spirit)differences exhibited by men and women (and hermaphrodites) were thought to be expressions of their different social status and their different degrees of (spiritual) evolution.
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Gendered body-the phenomenon
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Gender must be understood as the real phenomenon, while the body, or sex, is a consequence or an expression of it.
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The male bodies (as perfected)
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They contain more strength, heat, spirit. The male body as the standard against which all other sexes are to be measured.
Males represent a higher truth, a representation of the divine order. Man is the complete being with no mysteries. |
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Semen
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Semen is composed of the purest substances of the body. It is the seed of the person. “the warmth of the sun and animal warmth are present in sperm”.
Influence of heavenly bodies: “the seed is the recipient of the power of heavenly bodies, thru which God exercises his action in the world” Semen is needed for reproduction. Testicles are seen as mere receptacles for sperm. |
