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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is commutation of sentence
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A reduction in the severity or length of an inmate’s sentence issued by a state governor or the president of the United States
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What is diversion
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A defendant is offered an alternative to criminal trial and a prison sentence, such as drug courts, boot camps, and treatment programs
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What is an executive pardon
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An act by a governor or the president that forgives a prisoner and rescinds his or her sentence
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What is good-time credit
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A strategy of crediting inmates with extra days served toward early release in an effort to encourage them to obey rules and participate in prison programs
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What is the mark system
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A forerunner to the parole system. Prisoners received points or marks for good behavior and work performed in prison.
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What is parole
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The release of an inmate before their maximum sentence has been served
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What are the two models of parole boards? Describe
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Independent Model – the system in which decision making about parole is under the authority of an autonomous parole board.
Consolidated Model – the system in which decision making about parole is a function of a state department of corrections. |
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What is a parole hearing
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A meeting with an inmate, his or her attorney, and others in which the parole board decides whether to grant, deny, or revoke parole
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What is probation
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The conditional release of a convicted offender prior to his or her serving any prison time.
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Name five technical violations that can lead to a revocation of probation
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Test positive for drug use
Found in possession of a weapon Commit another crime Lose employment Fail to complete a treatment program |
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What are community based corrections
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Setences that are carried out in the community rather than prison and are geared to rehabilitate the offender while ensuring community safety
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What is the benefit of education release
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On average it cost $29,000/yr to keep a prisioner in jail, while tuition is ~$7,400
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What is the purpose of halfway houses
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They are non-profit trasitional programs to re-introduce inmates to the community
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Parole officer has a smaller caseload and more emphasis is placed on offender compliance with the conditions of supervision
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Intensive suppervised probation
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What are four types of intermediate sanctions
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Intensive Probation Supervision Programs
Split Sentencing and Shock Probation Shock Incarceration (Boot Camps) Home Confinement and Electronic Monitoring |
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After a brief period of imprisonment, usually in a jail for as little as 30 days rather than in a long-term confinement facility, the offender is brought back to court
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Split sentencing
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The judge gives an offender not expecting prison time a brief stint before probation
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Shock probation
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What is a Delinquent
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Juveniles who commit an act that is criminal for both adults and juveniles
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What is a hybrid gang
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A new type of youth gang with distinctive characteristics the differentiate them from traditional gangs; they are frequently school based, less organized, less invoved in criminal activity, and less invoved in violence
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What did In re Gault grant juveniles
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Established that juveniles had basic constitutional rights during hearings
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What does In re Winship state
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Proof beyond a reasonable doubt standards applied to juvenile cases
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What does Kent v. United States symbolize
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The depature of the Supreme Court from its acceptance of the denial of due process rights to juveniles
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When/where was the first juvanile court established
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Cook Co, IL 1899
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What is a status ofender
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A child who commits an act that if they were adults, the court would not have any authority over them (i.e. runaways)
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What is juvenile drug court
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An alternative to the traditional adjudication process for juveniles with subtance abuse problems that focuses on rehabilitation and eliminating drug abuse
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What is parens patriae
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The legal assumption that the state has primary resposability for the safty and custody of children
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What was the outcome of McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
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Juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial
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What percent of prisioners are rearessted within three years of getting out of prision
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73%
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What does the department of homland security do
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Prevent terrorism in the US
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What is domestic terrorism
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Acts committed in the US by individuals or groups that do not have ties with or sponsorship from foreign states or organizations.
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What is international terrorism
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Acts perpetrated by state-sponsored groups, international terrorist organizations, and loosely affiliated international extremists’ groups.
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What does the enemy combatant executive order do
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Provides for the detention of terrorists without access to due process rights and entitlement of the Geneva convention
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What system is used for registering the entry of foreign visitors to the US and tracking when and where they exit the country
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US-VISIT
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What is Joint Counterterrorism Task Forces
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Combined FBI and local law enforcement officers focusing on preventing terrorism
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What is th real ID act
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Proposed legislation that would require all state driver’s licenses to conform to uniform standards set by DHS
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What is fortress urbanism
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Creating bariers in-front of buildings but hiding them behind modern archatecture
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What two federal agencies started talking after 9/11
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FBI & CIA
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What is the sneek-n-peek provision of the pariot act
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allow the federal goverment to conduct a serch with limited judicial review and if they did not find anything they would not have to inform you
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What does the section 215 of the patriot act entitle the FBI to do
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To demand certain records without warrant or demenstration of probable cause. Further, the individual being investigated can not be notified
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